Light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (LACs) are key contributors to climate change due their ability absorb solar radiation and reduce surface albedo. These primarily comprise black carbon (BC) brown (BrC). The optical properties of LACs influenced by a complex interplay factors, including emission sources, atmospheric conditions, secondary formation processes. However, clearly distinguishing the light-absorption characteristics various sources remains significant challenge. Instruments...

The agriculture sector is currently facing the problems of aging and decreasing skilled labor, meaning that future direction will be a transition to automation mechanization can maximize efficiency decrease costs. Moreover, interest in development autonomous agricultural vehicles increasing due advances sensor technology information communication (ICT). Therefore, an driving control algorithm using low-cost global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-real-time kinematic (RTK) module motion was...

In this study, simulation tests for gravity gradient referenced navigation (GGRN) are conducted to verify the effects of various factors such as database (DB) and sensor errors, flight altitude, DB resolution, initial measurement update rates on performance. Based results, requirements GGRN established position determination with certain target accuracies. It is found that errors altitude have strong particular, a accuracies 0.1 E 0.01 E, respectively, required determine more accurately than...

The speed sprayer plays an important role in fruit orchards as it undertakes spraying to prevent damage by blight and harmful insects. Although farmers who use sprayers wear protective devices, pesticide poisoning incidents can occur when pesticides penetrate the skin. In addition, skilled manpower agriculture is decreasing due aging populations farming villages. To overcome these problems, we aim develop autonomous driving system using a single-frequency GNSS RTK for commercialization of...

Gravity field modeling using airborne vertical component gravimetry has made significant strides over the last decade. We demonstrate feasibility of extending this to three‐dimensions data from inertial navigation systems (INS) and Global Positioning System (GPS). A advantage measuring horizontal gravity components is that geoid can be determined in profiles by direct along‐track integration, thus not only adding strength conventional methods, but reducing required area survey support,...

Precision inertial navigation depends not only on the quality of sensors (accelerometers and gyros), but also accuracy gravity compensation. With a view toward next-generation systems, based whose errors contribute as little few metres per hour to error budget, we have analyzed required compensation solution. The investigation considered standard method using ground data predict vector at altitude for aircraft free-inertial navigation. effects were examined in two gravimetrically distinct...

Abstract A new and efficient algorithm using the geometry conditions between satellite tracking receivers is proposed to determine receiver differential code bias (DCB) permanent reference stations. This method does not require a traditional single-layer ionosphere model can be used for estimating DCBs of in regional network as long one already known. The main underlying rationale this that magnitude signal delay caused by is, under normal conditions, highly dependent on geometric range...

ABSTRACT From the late 1990s, many studies on local geoid construction have been made in South Korea. However, precision of previous has remained about 15 cm due to distribution and quality problems gravity GPS/levelling data. Since 2007, new land data obtained through projects such as Korean Land Spatilaization, Unified Control Point Gravity survey Benchmark. The newly are regularly distributed a certain degree show much better improvement their quality. In addition, an airborne was...

The determination of the geoid in South Korea is a national imperative for modernization height datums, specifically orthometric and dynamic height, that are used to monitor hydrological systems environments with accuracy easy revision, if necessary. geometric heights above reference ellipsoid, routinely obtained by GPS, lead immediately vertical control respect purposes ellipsoid known accurately. determined from gravimetric data, traditionally ground but recent times also airborne data....

TERCOM is a terrain referenced navigation system using batch processing method which determines vehicle's current position by comparing series of height measurements with database. Generally, it known that operates well over high roughness. However, if the attitude and velocity error INS not corrected, solution conventional aided can diverge. This paper describes algorithm show divergence problem. To solve problem, we propose an improved corrects linear Kalman filter, even though does have...

In order to obtain precise kinematic global positioning systems (GPS) in medium large scale networks, the atmospheric effects from tropospheric and ionospheric delays need be properly modeled estimated. It is also preferable use multiple reference stations improve reliability of solutions. this study, GPS algorithms are developed for large-scale network based on position-velocity-acceleration model. Hence, algorithm can perform even cases where near-constant velocity assumption does not...

Jeong, S.-H.; Kwon, J.H., and Lee, J., 2023. Analysis of rip current flow fields in CCTV images using optimal LSPIV parameters. In: J.L.; H.; Min, B.I.; Chang, J.-I.; Cho, G.T.; Yoon, J.-S., J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal Marine Management. Journal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 240-244. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. Research on currents can be conducted through indoor studies with numerical simulation tests or by that analyze data installing...

Abstract Relativistic redshift correction should be accurately considered in frequency comparisons between standards. In this study, we evaluated the relativistic at Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) using three different methods, depending on whether approach was traditional or modern geopotential model global local. The results methods agreed well with one another, height an Yb optical lattice clock (KRISS-Yb1) determined to 75.15 m uncertainty 0.04 respect...

최근 다양한 산업분야에서 실시간으로 정밀한 이동체의 위치에 대한 요구가 증가함에 따라 GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)를 이용한 실시간 이동 측위에 연구 및 활용이 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Network-RTK(VRS)를 적용하기 위해, 수 cm 수준의 정확도를 보이며 널리 사용되고 있는 RTK를 기준으로 Network-RTK(VRS)의 측위 분석하였다. 그 결과, Network-RTK(VRS)는 모호정수가 고정된 상태에서 수평 방향으로 2cm, 수직 7cm의RMS를 보였으며, 가시 위성 개수가 줄어들어 모호정수를 상실한 구간에서는 m의 RMS를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 Network-RTK(VRS) 시 수신기 내부에서 제공되는 위치 인자를 분석한 quality 값이 0.1m 이하일 때 10cm, 20cm 이내의 보였으나, 를 초과할 경우에는 수m의 현저하게 떨어진 보였다. 따라서 위해서는, 정확도의 정보를 포함한 값들을...

We introduce a dynamic linear model in which the observation equations are perturbed by form that has constant (over time), non-random coefficients and may represent disturbing gravity field under investigation. Because of its behaviour, their cannot be determined using Friedland's generalization Kalman filter. However, after putting it dual (‘Bayes filter’), approach can further generalized to also cover present case. This (apparently new) filter version is then employed estimate vector...

Recently, to improve safety and convenience in driving, numerous sensors are mounted on cars operate advanced driver assistant systems. Among various sensors, vehicle dynamic can measure the motions such as speed rotational angular for dead reckoning, which be applied develop a land positioning system overcome weaknesses of GNSS technique. In this paper, three algorithms that integrate with including wheel sensor (WSS), yaw rate (YRS), steering angle (SAS) implemented, then performance...