To determine the stereoacuity threshold with a 3D laptop equipped shutter glasses, and to evaluate effect of different shape size test symbols type disparities stereoacuity.Thirty subjects visual acuity in each eye at least 0 logMAR 32 arcsec (as assessed Fly Stereo Acuity Test) were recruited. Three target symbols-tumbling "E", tumbling "C", "□"-were displayed, six sizes representing ranging from 0.5 when tested 4.1 m, both crossed uncrossed disparities. Two systems designed - fixed...

Different methods to test stereopsis lead different results. The aim of this study was investigate the difference between stereoacuity tests using contour-based and random dot-based graphs at far near distances.Thirty participants with normal visual acuity were recruited. Laptop equipment 3D shutter glasses used distance two 4K smartphones graphs.No significant found random-dot regardless distance. Similarly, no for or (Wilcoxon signed-rank test: P values all >0.05). There a high level...

Background Accurate differentiation between stereopsis assessments in the natural and dichoptic presentation states has proven challenging with commercial measurement tools. This study proposes a novel method to delineate these differences more precisely. Methods We instituted two test systems predicated on pair of 4K smartphones modified Frisby Near Stereotest (FNS) version. Stereoacuity was evaluated both environment state ( via FNS) smartphones). Thirty subjects aged 20 28 years...

PurposeTo evaluate stereoacuity using a combination of phoropter and two 4K smartphones.MethodsA stereopsis measurement system was established (Topcon VT‐10) Sony smartphones (Sony Xperia Z5 Premium Dual E6883). A total 154 subjects (69 children 85 adults) were enrolled for evaluation this subsequent comparison with the Fly Stereo Acuity test.ResultsThere high level agreement between methods Bland‐Altman statistical analysis (children group, 95 per cent limits ±0.14 log arcseconds [arcsec];...

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the effect of size dots in random-dot stereograms on results stereoacuity measurements. Methods A stereopsis measurement system was created using a phoropter and two 4 K smartphones. Three dot sizes, including 1 × pixel, 6 pixels, 10 pixels (equivalent 0.17 min arc, 1.68 respectively), were used form arrays, each test pattern had one Lea symbol hidden within it. The resulting tested 30 subjects with normal acuity stereoacuity. Results...

Chromatic contrast may affect stereopsis. Daltonism is a common color deficiency in which the colors red and green are incorrectly detected. The aim of this study was to evaluate stereoacuity color-defective individuals presented with symbols that they see defectively. Ten students diagnosed daltonism 10 normal vision were recruited. A stereopsis test system using phoropter two 4K smartphones used. Contour-based graphs random-dot black versus white patterns used as symbols. Wilcoxon signed...

The purpose of having a naked eye 3D glasses-free smartphone is to achieve effects without the need for glasses. this study was evaluate whether technology could be utilized measure stereoacuity.A 2K auto-stereoscopic used imitate quantitative section Random Dot Stereo Acuity Test (contour based symbol) and 3 (random dot stereopsis subjects.There high level agreement between two methods using Bland-Altman statistical analysis (vs. Test, 95% limits ±1.29 arcseconds; vs. also arcseconds).The...

The majority of tests to evaluate stereopsis should separate two eyes first. Whether different binocular separating manner may affect the test result is main purpose this study. Red-green anaglyphs, polarized light technology, active shutter 3D system, and auto-stereoscopic technique were chosen distance stereoacuity.Red-green anaglyphs system was established with an ASUS laptop aid TNO Stereotest glasses. Active set up same NVidia Vision 2 Wireless Glasses Kit. adopted AOC display. A...

Owing to the limitations of printed stereoacuity tests, effects luminance and contrast on stereopsis have not yet been sufficiently investigated, despite its important implications in designing measuring instruments, particularly for electronic devices. A measurement system was established using two 4 K smartphones a phoropter evaluate variations test. Seventeen young subjects with normal visual acuity were recruited. Two types test symbols, contour-based random-dot-based, used experiment....

The impact of aniseikonia on stereopsis has been studied for decades, however, inconsistency which may be partly attributed to the method inducing exists among these findings. This study aimed induce overall and meridional using a three-dimensional (3D) computer then evaluate effect induced distance contour-based random-dot-based patterns.A 3D laptop was used produce all test symbols. Unlike usual creating with size lenses, would change not only but also relative position symbols in two...

Stereopsis is the ability to perceive depth using slightly different views from two eyes. This study aims conduct innovative stereopsis tests objective data outputted by eye tracking technology.A laptop and an tracker were used establish test system. Anaglyphic glasses employed execute assessment. The symbol was devised emulate quantitative measurement component of Random Dot 3 Stereo Acuity Test. Sub-pixel technology increase disparity accuracy pages. tested disparities were: 160″, 100″,...

Several studies have revealed that results of the TNO stereo test may overestimate stereoacuity value (the less better) compared with other testing measurements. The manner in which vision is divided among two eyes a person wearing anaglyph glasses play an important role. This study aimed to examine effect on stereopsis A measurement system using phoropter and Sony smartphones was established. Four types patterns, including original pictures, isoluminant red-green grayscale black white dots...

The advantage of using an autostereoscopic smartphone is that it can achieve 3D effects without the need for glasses. purpose this study was to evaluate whether technology could be utilized detect stereoacuity. An used imitate Lang stereotest I & II, Pass Test 3, Dinosaur Stereoacuity Test, and Random Dot Stereo Acuity screen stereopsis children from 3-6 years old. No significant difference found between each pair groups (autostereoscopic vs. I, respectively; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P...

The intricate interrelationships between visual acuity (VA) and stereopsis depend on an array of factors, incorporating the nature vision impairment, its manifestation (monocular versus binocular), classification test symbols used. objectives this study were to methodically dissect these multifaceted interactions by simulating a diverse range loss conditions. Thirty medical students with normal subjected simulated through opacification blurring methodologies. Stereopsis was assessed at...

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between unilateral metamorphopsia, characterized by visual distortions in one eye, and impaired stereopsis. Methods: Utilizing both near distance measurements through advanced testing systems, including 4K smartphones an active shutter three-dimensional system, we simulated varying degrees of metamorphopsia 30 healthy young adults aged 21 29 years. Two types contour-based stereotest symbols, lines squares, were developed. Distortions classified into...

To investigate the impact of different corneal diameters on morphology and biomechanical outcome during preoperative screening for refractive surgery.

Stereopsis, the ability of humans to perceive depth through distinct visual stimuli in each eye, is foundational autostereoscopic technology computing. However, ensuring stable head position during assessments has been challenging. This study evaluated utility artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced face tracking overcoming this challenge by that eye consistently receives its intended image.

"Random Dot E Stereotest underestimates stereopsis at high test distances." Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 103(6), pp. 918–919

To investigate the influence of induced aniseikonia on stereopsis measured by contour-based and random-dot-based stereograms using a new method.Unlike previous studies in which was magnifiers, potentially influenced position test symbols half-view, here image magnified while maintaining each symbol's central within half-view. A phoropter two 4K smartphones were used to measure seventeen young adults aged 20-28 years old. Stereopsis tested both under overall or meridional with magnifications...

Background: Various measurement tools are utilized to detect the stereopsis threshold in clinic, but seldom of these involves chromatic information. Incorporating colorful elements into computer-aided, three-dimensional (3D) evaluation systems could help tests appear more vivid and attractive. The aim this study was clarify effect different pair stereo targets on stereoacuity result. Methods: A total 17 subjects with visual acuity each eye at least 0 logarithmic minimum angle resolution...

Background: An auto-stereoscopic smartphone can produce 3D images without the need for viewer to wear glasses. The purpose of this study was evaluate whether technology could be utilized measure aniseikonia. Methods: A 2K used imitate Awaya new aniseikonia test. In test 1, four pairs lenses combined with a trial frame were create 4 different magnification rates in 10 subjects. 2, 40 subjects whose anisometropia higher than 2.00D recruited. Results: No significant difference between results...

Dentists must be able to identify subtle color changes as shade-matching is crucial in aesthetic dentistry.To determine whether discrimination ability related accuracy among dentists.The sensitivity of the normal-color vision population different colors was investigated using Farnsworth Munsell 100 Hue (FM-100) test results. The FM-100 administered 37 dentists at Hospital Stomatology, Jilin University. Sensitivity with test. Participants were instructed arrange caps various according gradual...

Objective To assess the reliability of Orbscan-II , Pentacam and ultrasonic pachymetry （US） for central corneal thickness （CCT） measurements. Methods Central was measured using in 159 preoperative cases （318 eyes）. Patients were further divided into three groups according to （〈500 um group, 500-570 group ≥570 group） as determined by differences measurements obtained all methods statistically analyzed groups. Results The mean CCT readings with Pentacam, （527.9＋-43.0）um, （526.3＋-38.4）um,...