Inductive transfer learning has greatly impacted computer vision, but existing approaches in NLP still require task-specific modifications and training from scratch. We propose Universal Language Model Fine-tuning (ULMFiT), an effective method that can be applied to any task NLP, introduce techniques are key for fine-tuning a language model. Our significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art on six text classification tasks, reducing error by 18-24% majority of datasets. Furthermore, with...

Abstract Background Feed efficiency is a crucial parameter in swine production, given both its economic and environmental impact. The gut microbiota plays an essential role nutrient digestibility is, therefore, likely to affect feed efficiency. This study aimed characterize efficiency, fatness traits, microbiome composition three major breeds of domesticated investigate possible link between composition. Results Average daily intake (ADFI), average gain (ADG), conversion ratio (FCR),...

In light of recent host-microbial association studies, a consensus is evolving that species composition the gastrointestinal microbiota polygenic trait governed by interactions between host genetic factors and environment. Here, we investigated effect in shaping bacterial rumen performing genome-wide study. Using common set 61,974 single-nucleotide polymorphisms found cattle genomes (n = 586) corresponding community composition, identified operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Families Phyla...

Abstract Background The interplay between the gut microbiota and feeding behavior has consequences for host metabolism health. present study aimed to explore overall influence on traits identify specific microbes associated with in three commercial swine breeds at growth stages. Feeding measures were obtained from 651 pigs of (Duroc, Landrace, Large White) an average 73 163 days age. Seven covered information feed intake, feeder occupation time, rate, number visits feeder. Rectal swabs...

A timely and accurate estimation of body weight in finishing pigs is critical determining profits by allowing pork producers to make informed marketing decisions on group-housed while reducing labor feed costs. This study investigated the usefulness feeding behavior data predicting at stage. We obtained 655 three breeds (Duroc, Landrace, Large White) from 75 166 days age. Feeding behavior, intake, information were recorded when a pig visited Feed Intake Recording Equipment each pen. Data...

Epigenetics is an important source of variation in complex traits that not due to changes DNA sequences, and dependent on the environment individuals are exposed to. Therefore, we aimed estimate transgenerational epigenetic heritability, percentage resetting marks, genetic parameters, predicting breeding values using models for growth, body composition, reproductive Landrace pigs routinely recorded datasets. Birth weaning weight, backfat thickness, total number piglets born, born alive (BW,...

Improving swine climatic resilience through genomic selection has the potential to minimize welfare issues and increase industry profitability. The main objective of this study was investigate genetic determinism tolerance heat stress in four independent purebred populations swine. Three female reproductive traits were investigated: total number piglets born (TNB), alive (NBA) average birth weight (ABW). More than 80,000 phenotypic 12,000 genotyped individuals included study. Genomic...

Abstract Background There is an increasing need to account for genotype-by-environment (G × E) interactions in livestock breeding programs improve productivity and animal welfare across environmental management conditions. This even more relevant pigs because selection occurs high-health nucleus farms, while commercial are raised challenging environments. In this study, we used single-step homoscedastic heteroscedastic genomic reaction norm models (RNM) evaluate G E Large White pigs,...

Variation in environment, management practices, nutrition or selection objectives has led to a variety of different choices being made the use genetic material between countries. Differences genome-level homozygosity countries may give rise regions that result inbreeding depression differ. The objective this study was characterize have an impact on runs (ROH) metric and estimate their association with additive effect milk (MY), fat (FY) protein yield (PY) calving interval (CI) using...

Dairy cattle breeding objectives are in general similar across countries, but environment and management conditions may vary, giving rise to slightly different selection pressures applied a given trait. This potentially leads loci the genome that, if large enough, give differential regions with high levels of homozygosity. The objective this study was characterize differences similarities location frequency homozygosity related measures Jersey dairy cows bulls from United States (US),...

In nucleus populations, regions of the genome that have a high frequency runs homozygosity (ROH) occur and are associated with reduction in genetic diversity, as well adverse effects on fitness. It is currently unclear whether, to what extent, ROH stretches persist crossbred how genomic management population might impact low diversity its implications genome.We calculated statistic based lengths 5 (ROH5) or 10 (ROH10) Mb across for genotyped Landrace (LA), Large White (LW) Duroc (DU) dams....

Although, for the most part, genome-wide metrics are currently used in managing livestock inbreeding, genomic data offer, principle, ability to identify functional inbreeding. Here, we present a heuristic method haplotypes contained within run of homozygosity (ROH) associated with reduced performance. Results presented simulated and swine data. The algorithm comprises 3 steps. Step 1 scans genome based on marker windows decreasing size identifies ROH genotypes an unfavorable phenotype....

Electroejaculates from experimentally infected domestic cats were evaluated for the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Virus was isolated cell-free seminal plasma and cells by cocultivation with a interleukin-2-dependent CD4+ T-cell line, in which productive infection demonstrated syncytium formation FIV gag p26 antigen secretion. In addition, an 868-bp segment provirus gene identified cocultured PCR Southern analysis. A 582-bp fragment genome detected nested analysis...

Across the majority livestock species, routinely collected genomic and pedigree information has been incorporated into evaluations using single-step methods. As a result, strategies that reduce genotyping costs without reducing response to selection are important as they could have substantial economic impacts on breeding programs. Therefore, objective of current study was investigate impact selectively candidates simulation. Populations were simulated mimic genome population structure swine...

Characterizing the variability in transcript levels across breeds and sex swine for genes that play a role drug metabolism may shed light on breed differences metabolism. The objective of study is to determine if there heterogeneity between previously shown animals administered flunixin meglumine or fenbendazole. Crossbred nursery female castrated male pigs (n = 169) spread 5 groups were utilized. Sires 15) purebred Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire Hampshire boars mated common sow population....

Drug use in livestock has received increased attention due to welfare concerns and food safety. Characterizing heterogeneity the way swine populations respond drugs could allow for group‐specific dose or drug recommendations. Our objective was determine whether clearance differs across genetic backgrounds sex sulfamethazine, enrofloxacin, fenbendazole flunixin meglumine. Two sires from each of four breeds were mated a common sow population. The nursery pigs generated ( n = 114) utilized...

Extreme heat and cold events can create deleterious physiological changes in cattle as they attempt to cope. The genetic background of animals influence their response these events. objective the current study was determine impact myostatin genotype (MG) on body temperature during periods stress. Two groups crossbred steers heifers unknown pedigree breed fraction with varying percentages Angus, Simmental, Piedmontese were placed a feedlot over 2 summers winters. Before arrival, genotyped for...

Abstract Simulated and swine industry data sets were utilized to assess the impact of removing older on predictive ability selection candidate estimated breeding values (EBV) when using single‐step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP). included thirty replicates designed mimic structure sets. For simulated data, varying amounts truncated based number ancestral generations back from candidates. The consisted phenotypic genotypic records for three traits across two breeds animals...

Abstract Background Advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have reduced the cost of whole transcriptome analyses, allowing characterization non-model species at unprecedented levels. The rapid pace transcriptomic has driven public accumulation a wealth data for phylogenomic however lack tools aimed towards phylogeneticists to efficiently identify orthologous sequences currently hinders effective harnessing this resource. Results We introduce TOAST, an open source R software...

Abstract Genomic information has a limited dimensionality (number of independent chromosome segments [Me]) related to the effective population size. Under additive model, persistence genomic accuracies over generations should be high when nongenomic (pedigree and phenotypes) is equivalent Me animals with accuracy. The objective this study was evaluate decay in accuracy time compare magnitude varying quantities data traits low moderate heritability. dataset included 161,897 phenotypic records...