Biofouling is a critical problem in many membrane filtration processes. This review highlights the emerging strategies for polymer modifications using organic and inorganic additives surface modification to mitigate foulant deposition biofilm formation. Constraints opportunities future implementation systems are outlined from perspectives of water wastewater treatment applications.

Abstract Precise control over the location of monomers in a polymer chain has been described as ‘Holy Grail’ synthesis. Controlled growth polymerization techniques have brought this goal closer, allowing preparation multiblock copolymers with ordered sequences functional monomers. Such structures promising applications ranging from medicine to materials engineering. Here we show, however, that statistical nature places strong limits on can be obtained. We demonstrate monomer locations are...

This article is the first comprehensive review on study and use of vinyl ester monomers in reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. It covers all synthetic aspects associated with definition precision polymers comprising poly(vinyl ester) building blocks, such as choice RAFT agent reaction conditions order to progress from simple complex macromolecular architectures. Although acetate was by far most studied monomer range, many esters have been considered tune...

In controlled radical polymerization, oxygen is typically regarded as an undesirable component resulting in terminated polymer chains, deactivated catalysts, and subsequent cessation of the polymerization. Here, we report unusual atom transfer polymerization whereby favors by triggering situ transformation CuBr/L to reactive superoxido species at room temperature. Through a ARGET-ATRP mechanism, order magnitude faster rate rapid complete initiator consumption can be achieved opposed when...

The IUPAC method uses monomer composition, conversion, and copolymer composition to find reactivity ratios. Shown the optimal ratios in red a 95% Confidence Interval blue.

The rate constants of propagation and termination methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate were measured using pulsed laser polymerization technique across a range temperatures, Arrhenius parameters calculated for at concentrations 0, 20, 50% v/v. Point estimates these values are A = 2.4 × 106 L mol-1 s-1 (0% v/v liquid), 2.1 (20% v/v), 2.5 (50% v/v) EA 22.1 kJ 21.0 20.4 v/v). decrease activation energy leads to large increases...

The rate of propagation in the free-radical polymerization methyl methacrylate an ionic liquid has been determined and shows unprecedented solvent-induced acceleration, partially explaining surprising increase overall rates molecular weights these solvents.

Shell-crosslinked nanostructures having unusual rosette morphologies have been produced by a simple process from styrene and maleic anhydride.

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was used as a core molecule for controlled grafting of monomers by ATRP, the aim being to produce densely grafted comb polymers. HPC either allowed react with an ATRP initiator or first generation initiator-functionalized 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid dendron create macroinitiators having high degrees functionality. The were then "grafted from" using methyl methacrylate (MMA) hexadecyl methacrylate. Block copolymers obtained chain extending PMMA-grafted HPCs...

Three cyclic ketene acetals, 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO), 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO), and 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL), have been copolymerized with oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate a small amount of acrylonitrile (or styrene) at 90 °C by nitroxidemediated radical ring-opening polymerization, as convenient way to prepare degradable PEG-based copolymers for biomedical applications. MPDL was the best candidate, enabling high monomer conversions...

Magic rubber bullets: Novel anticancer nanoparticles made of well-defined polymer–drug conjugate amphiphiles are prepared by the controlled growth a hydrophobic polyisoprene chain from drug macroinitiator using nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP; see picture). The resulting conjugates self-assembled into exhibiting high payloads and significant activities both in vitro vivo. As service to our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied authors. Such materials...

Dispersity gives a deceptively rosy picture of the extent dispersion in molecular weight distributions. For complex structures or relatively narrow distributions, standard deviation number distribution is better choice.

Abstract A series of copolymers containing 50 mol % acrylic acid (AA) and butyl acrylate (BA) but with differing composition profiles ranging from an AA‐BA diblock copolymer to a linear gradient poly(AA‐ grad ‐BA) were synthesized their pH‐responsive self‐assembly behavior was investigated. While assemblies the kinetically frozen, gradient‐like compositions underwent reversible changes in size morphology response pH. In particular, consisting two random segments equal length (16 84 AA...

The dataset used to generate IUPAC benchmark Arrhenius parameters for propagation rate coefficients in radical polymerization is extended and reanalyzed, taking into account systematic interlaboratory variation.

Thermal solution depolymerization is a promising low-temperature chemical recycling strategy enabling high monomer recovery from polymers made by controlled radical polymerization. However, current methodologies predominantly focus on the of monofunctional polymers, limiting material scope and pathways. Herein, we report telechelic synthesized RAFT Notably, observed significant decrease in molecular weight (Mn) during recovery, which contrasts minimal Mn shift polymers. Introducing Z groups...

The atom transfer radical copolymerization (ATRP) of methyl acrylate (MA) with 1-octene was investigated in detail. Well-controlled copolymers containing almost 25 mol % were obtained using ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBriB) as initiator. Narrow molar mass distributions (MMD) for the ATRP experiments. feasibility copolymerizations independent ligand employed. Copolymerizations carried out 4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dNbpy) resulted good control, significant octene incorporation polymer....

Rigid nanoscale polymer rods were prepared by grafting preformed amine-terminated poly(styrene) and poly(tert-butyl acrylate) onto oxidized cellulose microcrystals. Low polydispersity polymers, grown using atom transfer radical polymerization, characterized purified prior to attachment. Oxidation of the microcrystal led formation carboxylic acids on surface Covalent attachment polymers microcrystals was achieved via a carbodiimide-mediated amidation reaction. The length diameter...

The synthesis of a novel class polymer prodrug nanoparticles with anticancer activity is reported by using squalene, naturally occurring isoprenoid, as building block the reversible addition–fragmentation (RAFT) technique. RAFT agent was functionalized gemcitabine (Gem) drug, and polymerization squalenyl-methacrylate (SqMA) led to well-defined macromolecular prodrugs comprising one Gem at extremity each chain. amphiphilic nature resulting Gem–PSqMA conjugates allowed them self-assemble into...

The efficient and reliable synthesis of 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) was reported MPDL used as a controlling comonomer for nitroxide-mediated polymerization methyl methacrylate to give degradable copolymers.

The novel monomer, vinyl trifluorobutyrate (VTFBu), when polymerized in a controlled fashion by RAFT/MADIX polymerization with xanthate transfer agent, yields poly(vinyl ester)s improved solubility supercritical carbon dioxide. thermodynamic parameters controlling the of VTFBu/vinyl acetate statistical copolymers are discussed based on ab initio calculations, glass transition temperatures copolymers, and surface tension measurements. enhanced this new class CO2-philic polymer combined its...

2 Methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane (MPDL) was used as a controlling comonomer in NMP with oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MeOEGMA) to prepare well-defined and degradable PEG-based P(MeOEGMA-<italic>co</italic>-MPDL) copolymers.

Supplemental activator and reducing agent (SARA) ATRP is an efficient way to diminish the amount of Cu catalyst. A kinetic study radical generation termination in SARA was conducted better understand improve "livingness" process. Monomer conversions CuII/L concentrations were concurrently determined by UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy during polymerization methyl acrylate dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or acetonitrile (MeCN) with tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me6TREN) tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine...