In the growing field of brain–machine interface (BMI), between electrodes and neural tissues plays an important role in recording stimulation signals. To minimize tissue damage while retaining high sensitivity, a flexible smaller electrode with low impedance is required. However, it major challenge to reduce size conductive characteristics electrode. addition, mechanical mismatch stiff soft creates damaging reactive responses. Here, we demonstrate probe structure based on graphene, ZnO...

Multi-channel neural-recording amplifier systems have evolved into the method of choice for analyzing neurophysiological behavior, and are leading to a deeper understanding human brain [1-4]. Such operate from noisy supply ground, especially when they powered wirelessly. As shown in Fig. 29.7.1, amplifiers ought be low-noise, low-power, resilient against environmental noise interferences that capacitively coupled power lines (220V/60Hz). Specifications-wise, these requirements translate high...

In this work, we present an 8-channel reconfigurable multimodal neural-recording IC, which provides improved availability and usability of recording channels in various experiment scenarios. Each channel changes its configuration depending on whether the is assigned to record voltage or current signal. As a result, although total number fixed by design, utilized for can be set freely optimally given targets, scenarios, circumstances, maximizing channels.The proposed concept was demonstrated...

This letter presents a neural stimulation IC for the 32-channel cochlear implant system. A zoom current DAC (I-DAC), whose full range is reconfigured to fit interval between comfort (C) and threshold (T) levels, introduced high-resolution strength control provide high-fidelity sound perception with minimal hardware overhead. The also includes an in-situ recording function. effectiveness of auditory nerve validated by monitoring electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP) in-vivo...

This paper provides a complex band-pass filter (BPF) for low-IF conversion digital audio broadcasting (DAB) and terrestrial-digital multimedia (T-DMB) tuner with I/Q gain phase mismatch calibration. calibration can be implemented in the first stage of BPF using feed-through resistor scheme. The automatic tuning circuit programmable clock is also presented. measurement results show 1.536 MHz bandwidth 2.048 IF center frequency 50 dB stop band attenuation at 0.7 offset. in-band out-band 3 <sup...

This paper presents a multimodal multichannel neural activity readout IC which can perform not only the electrical recording (ER) but also fluorescence (FR) of for cell-type-specific study heterogeneous neuronal cell populations. The time-based FR circuit senses Ca <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> concentration using probes while ER acquires action potentials (APs) and local field (LFPs). is fabricated in 0.18μm CMOS....

To develop a prediction model of spontaneous ureteral stone passage (SSP) using machine learning and logistic regression compare the performance two models. Indications for management stones are unclear, clinician determines whether to wait SSP or perform active treatment, especially in well-controlled patients, avoid unwanted complications. Therefore, suggesting possibility would help make clinical decision regarding stones.Patients diagnosed with unilateral at our emergency department...

Abstract As a promising future treatment for stroke rehabilitation, researchers have developed direct brain stimulation to manipulate the neural excitability. However, there has been less interest in energy consumption and unexpected side effect caused by electrical bring functional recovery rehabilitation. In this study, we propose an engineering approach with subthreshold (STES) recovery. Here, show low level of boosted causal excitation connected neurons strengthened synaptic weight...

This brief presents a multimodal neural activity monitoring system consisting of double-high-pass-filter-based electrical-recording front-end and fluorescence-recording frontend. The proposed circuit based on double high-pass filters is implemented by placing narrow-band buffer in the feedback path low-noise programmable-gain amplifiers so that low-frequency artifacts can be sufficiently suppressed during electrical fluorescence recording. successfully measures signals calcium ions vivo for...

This brief reviews the principle and design of dynamic range (DR) enhancement techniques for artifact-tolerant biopotential-acquisition ICs. In order to record small input signals without being disturbed by large artifacts, which may arise from motion or stimulation, ICs wearable devices bidirectional neural interfaces should have wide DR in addition low noise high power efficiency. review discusses key features based on three topologies: (1) saturation-free instrumentation amplifier with...

Intraoral radiographs have been taken to diagnose periapical lesions. Subsequent endodontic treatment needs be evaluated quantitatively, that is often difficult due various imaging factors as well subjective visual interpretation. Therefore, we sought establish an image analysis based quantitative model evaluate treatments (40 effective and 43 noneffective cases). To normalize image, the dentin area background were used references. In each pair of images representing before after treatment,...

This brief presents multimodal neural interface circuits for diverse interaction with neuronal cell populations in the human brain. The next-generation system based on advanced that can perform recording and stimulation multiple modalities is indispensable to advance neuroscience neurotechnology. Seven key circuit topologies used interfacing networks are reviewed: 1) electrical monitoring action potentials local field potentials, 2) delivering electric charges cells, 3) chemical...

In this work, we present a compact self-powered wireless gas sensor node based on photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting (EH). Instead of bulky and power-hungry with separate signal processing (GSP) circuits, mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> -sized colorimetric film is integrated PV cell, the GSP function seamlessly embedded within EH circuits. Also, dual-input shared-inductor boost converter used to improve efficiency...

Monitoring the electrical neural signals is an important method for understanding neuronal mechanism. In particular, in order to perform a cell-type-specific study, it necessary observe concentration of calcium ions using fluorescent indicators addition measuring signal. This paper presents multimodal multichannel activity readout integrated circuit that can not only recording but also fluorescence study heterogeneous cell populations. For monitoring ions, photodiode generates current...

Long-term neural recording which can consistently provide good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance over time is important for stable operation of neuroprosthetic systems. This paper presents an analysis the SNR optimization in a changing environment causes variations tissue-electrode impedance, Zte. Based on result, amplifier (NRA) developed employing technique. The NRA adaptively change its configuration situ optimization. improved by 4.69% to 23.33% as Zte changes from 1.59 MQ 31.8 at...

In this study, the extent of damage caused by a 5.8 magnitude earthquake which occurred on September 12, 2016 in Gyeongju through field investigation first and survey was conducted residents suffering actual from to identify current situation, problems requirements order present measures for improvement future. Also, needs disaster prevention reviewed prevent an our country were examined based finding. First, it is necessary improve information delivery system deliver situation report...

Low-power high-fidelity implantable neural-recording modules are presented to monitor electrical neural signals in the central and peripheral nervous systems. For clear measurement of spikes, implemented employ double high-pass filters that effectively suppress low-frequency artifacts. Here, we present two different recording modules: one produces analog output, other does digital output. The analog-output digital-output have 12 channels 32 channels, respectively. Each module is connected an...

Neural-recording ICs have been a key tool to unravel the mystery of human brain and find treatments for various neurological diseases. Since neural signals inherently small amplitude suffer from environmental interferences, conventional recording circuits mainly designed low noise, high CMRR, power, using structure with high-gain amplifier low-resolution ADC [1] (Fig. 1). With advent closed-loop neurotherapeutics, stimulation artifacts notorious obstacle in recording. To tackle this issue,...

A variety of neurological therapeutic devices and brain machine interface applications have increased the need closed-loop neuromodulation systems. The system requires a bidirectional neural which can perform both recording stimulation functions. In such system, large artifacts caused by high-voltage strongly interfere operation, needs to acquire very weak signals. As result, dynamic range, or span signal magnitude that be read out circuit has become one most important performance...

This paper presents a 5-bit VCO-based neural recording IC, which directly quantizes the input signal and achieves large dynamic range (DR) to process small-amplitude in presence of large-amplitude stimulation artifact (SA). A feedback-controlled source degeneration is applied transconductor circuit (Gm,in) by using resistor DAC (R-DAC). It mitigates nonlinearity, resulting signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) high impedance (Z <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

This paper presents a fully differential implantable neural recording front-end IC for monitoring activities. Each analog (AFE) consists of low-noise amplifier (LNA), variable gain (VGA), and buffer. The output signal the AFE is digitized through successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC). LNA adopts currentreuse technique to improve current efficiency, achieving power consumption as low 0.95 μW. implemented has 40 dB, lowpass cutoff frequency 10 kHz, high-pass...

This paper presents a reconfigurable neural recording front-end integrated circuit (IC) for multimodal operation. The proposed IC performs the voltage sensing to acquire electrical signal and detects photodiode current monitor concentration of calcium ions in neuronal cell population. is composed analog front-end, voltage-to-current converters, path switches, current-to-digital converters signals. When monitoring activity, configured operate mode. reading current, operates designed using...

This paper presents a multimodal neural recording system incorporating reconfigurable front-ends to improve hardware availability. The proposed front-end utilizing the signal conveyor based on folded-current- mirror structure is configured process either voltage or current input signal, depending targeted experiment scenario, given setup, and varying status of environment. Thus, out total number channels, how many channels are used for can be set as desired, which maximizes flexibility...

According to the WHO report, hearing-impaired population in world is about 470 million 2019, and 15 people could hear sounds with cochlear implants (CIs). In clinical practices, who have a hearing loss greater than 90dB are guided use CIs instead of aids restore hearing. The CI delivers electrical stimulation auditory nerves through an electrode array which surgically inserted cochlea. multiple electrodes placed at different locations cochlea deliver pulses strengths frequencies from each...

This paper presents a high-precision single-ended-current-to-differential-voltage (SC-DV) converter that is used in the reconfigurable neural recording front-end. For processing signals detected by current-mode sensors differential way, single-ended-current signal converted into differential-voltage with low power consumption and low-noise performances. The proposed SC-DV constructed employing complementary diode-connected loads, folded stage, replica stage to reduce common-to-differential...