We generated transgenic tomato plants with altered expression of heat stress transcription factor HsfA1. Plants 10-fold overexpression HsfA1 (OE plants) were characterized by a single transgene cassette, whereas harboring tandem inverted repeat the cassette showed cosuppression (CS posttranscriptional silencing gene connected formation small interfering RNAs. Under normal growth conditions, major developmental parameters similar for wild-type (WT), OE, and CS plants. However, fruits...

In seed plants, shoot branching is initiated by the formation of new meristems in axils leaves, which subsequently develop into axes growth. This study describes genetic control axillary meristem LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LAS) gene Arabidopsis thaliana. las mutants show a novel phenotype that characterized inability to form lateral shoots during vegetative development. The analysis shows differently regulated different phases During reproductive development, initiate close proximity apical and do...

The ability of the shoot apical meristem to multiply and distribute its meristematic potential through formation axillary meristems is essential for diversity forms growth habits higher plants. In lateral suppressor mutant tomato initiation prevented, thus offering unique opportunity study molecular mechanisms underlying this important function meristem. We report here isolation Lateral gene by positional cloning show that phenotype caused a complete loss new member VHIID family plant...

The resistant cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) line LC-95, derived from an accession collected in Ecuador, harbors a natural allele (ol-2) that confers broad-spectrum and recessively inherited resistance to powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici). As both the genetic phytopathological characteristics of ol-2-mediated are reminiscent immunity conferred by loss-of-function mlo alleles barley Arabidopsis, we initiated candidate-gene approach clone Ol-2. A Mlo gene (SlMlo1)...

Male reproductive tissues are more sensitive to heat stress (HS) compared vegetative tissues, but the basis of this phenomenon is poorly understood. Heat transcription factors (Hsfs) regulate transcriptional changes required for protection from HS. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), HsfA2 acts as coactivator HsfA1a and one major Hsfs accumulating in response elevated temperatures. The contribution (HSR) thermotolerance was investigated different transgenic plants with suppressed levels...

Aerial architecture in higher plants is established post-embryonically by the inception of new meristems axils leaves. These axillary develop into side shoots or flowers. In Arabidopsis, NAC domain transcription factors CUP SHAPED COTYLEDON1 (CUC1), CUC2 and CUC3 function redundantly initiating shoot apical meristem establishing organ boundaries. Transcripts CUC1 are targeted for degradation miR164. this study, we show that cuc3-2 mutants impaired initiation. Overexpression miR164 mutant...

Abstract In seed plants, shoot branching is initiated during postembryonic development by the formation of secondary meristems. These new meristems, which are established between stem and leaf primordia, develop into vegetative branches or flowers. Thus, number axillary meristems has a major impact on plant architecture reproductive success. This study describes genetic control meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana group three R2R3 Myb genes, homologous to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Blind gene...

The multitude of forms observed in flowering plants is largely because their ability to establish new axes growth during postembryonic development. This process initiated by the formation secondary meristems that develop into vegetative or reproductive branches. In blind and torosa mutants tomato, initiation lateral blocked shoot inflorescence development, leading a strong reduction number axes. this study, it shown are allelic. Blind gene has been isolated positional cloning, was found...

Summary In angiosperms, shoot branching greatly determines overall plant architecture and affects fundamental aspects of life. Branching patterns are determined by genetic pathways conserved widely across angiosperms. Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae, Rosidae) BRANCHED1 ( BRC1 ) plays a central role in this process, acting locally to arrest axillary bud growth. tomato Solanum lycopersicum , Solanaceae, Asteridae) we have identified two ‐like paralogues, SlBRC1a SlBRC1b. These genes...

The enormous variation in architecture of flowering plants is based to a large extent on their ability form new axes growth throughout life span. Secondary initiated from groups pluripotent cells, called meristems, which are established the axils leaves. Such meristems lateral organs and develop into side shoot or flower, depending developmental status plant environmental conditions. phytohormone auxin well known play an important role inhibiting outgrowth axillary buds, phenomenon as apical...

Shoot branching requires the establishment of new meristems harboring stem cells; this phenomenon raises questions about precise regulation meristematic fate. In seed plants, these initiate in leaf axils to enable lateral shoot branching. Using live-cell imaging axil cells, we show that initiation axillary a cell population continuously expressing meristem marker SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM). The maintenance STM expression depends on auxin minimum. Ectopic is insufficient activate buds formation...

During post-embryonic shoot development, new meristems are initiated in the axils of leaves. They produce secondary axes growth that determine morphological plasticity and reproductive efficiency higher plants. In this study, we describe role bHLH-protein-encoding Arabidopsis gene REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM FORMATION (ROX), which is ortholog branching regulators LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) rice barren stalk1 (ba1) maize. rox mutants display compromised axillary bud formation during vegetative...

Abstract Aerial plant architecture is predominantly determined by shoot branching and leaf morphology, which are governed apparently unrelated developmental processes, axillary meristem formation, dissection. Here, we show that in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), these processes share essential functions boundary establishment. Potato (C), a key regulator of dissection, was identified to be the closest paralog Blind (Bl). Comparative genomics revealed two R2R3 MYB genes orthologs Arabidopsis...

Meristems of seed plants continuously produce new cells for incorporation into maturing tissues. A tightly controlled balance between cell proliferation in the center and differentiation at periphery shoot meristem maintains its integrity. Here, we describe role three GRAS genes, named LOST MERISTEMS apical maintenance axillary formation. Under short photoperiods, lom1 lom2 lom3 mutants have arrested meristems characterized by an over-proliferation meristematic loss polar organization. They...

Summary Leaves of seed plants can be described as simple, where the leaf blade is entire, or dissected, divided into distinct leaflets. Mechanisms that define leaflet number and position are poorly understood their elucidation presents an attractive opportunity to understand mechanisms controlling organ shape in plants. In tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ), a plant with dissected leaves, KNOTTED1‐like homeodomain proteins (KNOX) positive regulators formation. Conversely, hormone gibberellin...

Abstract Plants code for a multitude of heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs). Three them act as central regulators (HS) response in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ). HsfA1a regulates the initial response, and HsfA2 controls acquired thermotolerance. HsfB1 is transcriptional repressor but can also co‐activator HsfA1a. Currently, mode action relevance dual function remain elusive. We examined this overexpression or suppression transgenic lines. Proteome analysis revealed that stimulates...

Leaf morphology and the pattern of shoot branching determine to a large extent growth habit seed plants. Until recently, developmental processes that led establishment these morphological structures seemed unrelated. Here, we show tomato Trifoliate ( Tf ) gene plays crucial role in both processes, affecting formation leaflets compound leaf initiation axillary meristems axil. encodes myeloblastosis oncoprotein (MYB)-like transcription factor related Arabidopsis thaliana LATERAL ORGAN FUSION1...

A 57-kb region of tomato chromosome 7 harboring five different genes was compared with the sequence Arabidopsis genome to search for microsynteny between genomes these two species. For all genes, homologous sequences could be identified in a 30-kb located on 1. Only inversion events distinguish arrangement from that Arabidopsis. Inversions were not detected when orthologous Capsella, plant closely related These results provide evidence microcolinearity and distantly dicotyledonous The degree...

In the Arabidopsis Multiparent Recombinant Inbred Line mapping population, a limited number of plants were detected that lacked axillary buds in most axils cauline (stem) leaves, but formed such almost all rosette axils. Genetic analysis showed polymorphisms at least three loci together constitute this phenotype, which only occurs late-flowering plants. Early flowering is epistatic to two these loci, called REDUCED SHOOT BRANCHING1 (RSB1) and RSB2, themselves do not affect time. Map-based...