Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) provides a non-invasive tool to elicit neuromodulation by delivering through electrodes placed on the scalp. The present clinical paradigm uses two relatively large inject head resulting in electric fields that are broadly distributed over regions of brain. In this paper, we method multiple small (i.e. 1.2 cm diameter) and systematically optimize applied currents achieve effective targeted while ensuring safety stimulation. We found fundamental...

We studied multiple sclerosis fatigue (MSF) and its relationship to depression disability. Seventy-one patients [50 relapsing-remitting, 21 secondary progressive] were grouped by Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) into MS-fatigue (FSS>/=5; n=46) or MS-nonfatigue (MSNF) (FSS</=4; n=20). Forty-one MS-depression (MSD) (n=15) MS-nondepression (MSND) (n=26) interview. Higher expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores noted in MSF than MSNF (P=0.0003); EDSS correlated with FSS (rho=0.43, P=0.003)....

Recent evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging suggests that cortical hemodynamic responses coincide in different subjects experiencing a common naturalistic stimulus. Here we utilize neural the electroencephalogram (EEG) evoked by multiple presentations of short film clips to index brain states marked high levels correlation within and across subjects. We formulate novel signal decomposition method which extracts maximally correlated components EEG records. The resulting capture...

Abstract Naturalistic stimuli evoke highly reliable brain activity across viewers. Here we record neural from a group of naive individuals while viewing popular, previously-broadcast television content for which the broad audience response is characterized by social media and ratings. We find that level inter-subject correlation in evoked encephalographic responses predicts expressions interest preference among thousands. Surprisingly, ratings larger are predicted with greater accuracy than...

Abstract We performed simultaneous recordings of electroencephalography (EEG) from multiple students in a classroom, and measured the inter-subject correlation (ISC) activity evoked by common video stimulus. The neural reliability, as quantified ISC, has been linked to engagement attentional modulation earlier studies that used high-grade equipment laboratory settings. Here we reproduce many results these using portable low-cost equipment, focusing on robustness ISC for subjects experiencing...

Objective. High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) and high-density electroencephalography require accurate models of flow for precise targeting source reconstruction. At a minimum, such modeling must capture the idiosyncratic anatomy brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) skull each individual subject. Currently, process to build high-resolution individualized from structural magnetic resonance images requires labor-intensive manual segmentation, even when utilizing...

The process of locating an acoustic source given measurements the sound field at multiple microphones is significant interest as both a classical array signal processing problem, and more recently, solution to problems automatic camera steering, teleconferencing, hands-free processing, others. Despite proven efficacy steered-beamformer approaches localization in harsh conditions, their practical application real-time settings hindered by undesirably high computational demands. This paper...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Although many microphone-array beamforming algorithms have been developed over the past few decades, most such so far can only offer limited performance in practical acoustic environments. The reason behind this has not fully understood and further research on matter is indispensable. In paper, we treat a microphone array as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system study its...

The minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer, also known as Capon's is widely studied in the area of speech enhancement. MVDR beamformer can be used for both dereverberation and noise reduction. This paper provides new insights into beamformer. Specifically, local global behavior analyzed novel forms filter are derived discussed. In earlier works it was observed that there a tradeoff between amount reduction when used. Here, thoroughly. behavior, well tradeoff, different...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Our society's information technology advancements have resulted in the increasingly problematic issue of overload—i.e., we more access to than can possibly process. This is nowhere apparent volume imagery and video that on a daily basis—for general public, availability YouTube Google Images, or for image analysis professional tasked with searching security satellite reconnaissance. Which images...

In-vivo measurements of human brain tissue conductivity at body temperature were conducted using focal electrical currents injected through intracerebral multicontact electrodes. A total 1,421 in 15 epileptic patients (age: 28 ± 10) a radiofrequency generator (50 kHz current injection) analyzed. Each contact pair was classified as being from healthy (gray matter, n = 696; white 530) or pathological (epileptogenic zone, 195) neuroimaging analysis the local environment and EEG recordings....

We examined whether biomarkers of endothelial function, fibrinolysis/thrombosis and adiponectin, predict the progression from normal to pre-diabetes more strongly among women than men over 6 years follow-up Western New York Health Study.In 2002-2004, 1,455 participants Study, who were free type 2 diabetes cardiovascular disease at baseline (1996-2001), selected for reexamination. An incident case was defined as fasting glucose <100 mg/dl examination > or =100 <126 examination. Biomarkers...

γ-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been associated with hypertension (HTN); however, the nature of this association remains unclear. GGT is a marker alcohol consumption, but it also related to infiltration fat in liver (fatty liver). The between and HTN was examined 6-year longitudinal investigation among 1455 men women who returned for follow-up visit. Baseline variables included serum GGT, blood pressure, anthropometric measures. Incident defined as pressure ≥140/90 or on antihypertensive...

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances treatment outcomes post-stroke. Feasibility and tolerability of high-definition (HD) tDCS (a technique that increases focality intensity) for consecutive weekdays as an a

To demonstrate causal relationships between brain and behavior, investigators would like to guide stimulation using measurements of neural activity. Particularly promising in this context are electroencephalography (EEG) transcranial electrical (TES), as they linked by a reciprocity principle which, despite being known for decades, has not led formalism relating EEG recordings optimal parameters. Here we derive closed-form expression the TES configuration that optimally stimulates (i.e.,...

The brain activity of multiple subjects has been shown to synchronize during salient moments natural stimuli, suggesting that correlation neural responses indexes a state operationally termed 'engagement'. While past electroencephalography (EEG) studies have considered both auditory and visual the extent which these results generalize music-a temporally structured stimulus for evolved specialized circuitry-is less understood. Here we investigated music listening by recording EEG from N=48...

In neuroscience, stimulus-response relationships have traditionally been analyzed using either encoding or decoding models. Here we propose a hybrid approach that decomposes neural activity into multiple components, each representing portion of the stimulus. The technique is implemented via canonical correlation analysis (CCA) by temporally filtering stimulus (encoding) and spatially responses (decoding) such resulting components are maximally correlated. contrast to existing methods, this...