Ampelopsis brevipedunculata is an economically important plant that belongs to the Vitaceae family of angiosperms. The phylogenetic placement still unresolved. Recent studies suggested it should be placed in various alternative families including Caryophyllaceae, asteraceae, Saxifragaceae, Dilleniaceae, or with rest rosid families. However, these analyses provided weak supportive results because they were based on only one several genes. Accordingly, complete chloroplast genome sequences are...

Plastids originated from cyanobacteria and the majority of ancestral genes were lost or functionally transferred to nucleus after endosymbiosis. Comparative genomic investigations have shown that gene transfer plastids is an ongoing evolutionary process but molecular evidence for recent functional transfers among seed plants only been documented four accD, infA, rpl22, rpl32. The complete plastid genome Thalictrum coreanum, first subfamily Thalictroideae (Ranunculaceae), was sequenced...

Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus is an economically important traditional Chinese medicinal plant that also used for ornamental purposes. In this study, D. was compared to its closely related family of Caryophyllaceae chloroplast (cp) genomes such as Lychnis chalcedonica and Spinacia oleracea. had the longest large single copy (LSC) region (82,805 bp), with some variations in inverted repeat A (IRA)/LSC regions. The IRs underwent both expansion constriction during evolution family;...

Orobanchaceae have become a model group for studies on the evolution of parasitic flowering plants, and

We generated a complete plastid genome (plastome) sequence for Lamprocapnos spectabilis, providing the first plastome from subfamily Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae). The shows large differences in size, structure, gene content, and substitution rates compared with two sequenced Papaveraceae plastomes. propose model that explains major rearrangements observed, involving at least six inverted repeat (IR) boundary shifts five inversions, generating number of duplications relocations, as well...

Comparative genomic analysis exhibits dynamic evolution of plastid genome (plastome) in the clusioid clade Malpighiales, which comprise five families, including multiple inversions and gene losses. Little is known about plastome Hypericaceae, a large family clade. Only one species, Cratoxylum cochinchinense, has been published.We generated complete sequence for Hypericum ascyron, providing first from tribe Hypericeae (Hypericaceae). The H. ascyron changes intron content, structure,...

Abstract Background Corydalis DC., the largest genus in family Papaveraceae, comprises > 465 species. Complete plastid genomes (plastomes) of show evolutionary changes, including syntenic arrangements, gene losses and duplications, IR boundary shifts. However, little is known about evolution mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) . Both organelle transcriptomes are needed to better understand relationships between patterns genomes. Results We obtained complete from pauciovulata using a hybrid...

In this research, 25 medicinally used Lamiaceae species belonging to 20 genera have been studied and identified for the nine disorders. We scanning electron microscopy (SEM) qualitative quantitative morphological character identification. The micromorphological characters observed here were important distinguishing taxa. highest medicinal values reported Vitex negundo Scutellaria baicalensis all considered categories except urinary otorhinolaryngology foliar epidermal anatomical...

Arabis stellari var. japonica is an ornamental plant of the Brassicaceae family, and widely distributed in South Korea. However, no information available about its molecular biology genomic study has been performed on A. stellari. In this paper, authors report complete chloroplast genome sequence The plastome was 153,683 bp length with 36.4% GC included a pair inverted repeats (IRs) 26,423 that separated large single-copy (LSC) region 82,807 small (SSC) 18,030 bp. It also found to contain...

Abstract DNA transfer between internal organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondrion, and plastid is a well-known phenomenon in plant evolution, from mitochondrion to nucleus has been well-documented angiosperms. However, evidence of mitochondrial (mtDNA) only found three dicotyledons one monocotyledon. In present study, we characterised analysed two chloroplast (cp) genome sequences Convallaria keiskei Liriope spicata , that C . largest cp (162,109 bp) Asparagaceae. Interestingly, had...

Abstract Background The invasive species Xanthium spinosum has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for many years. Unfortunately, no extensive molecular studies of this plant have conducted. Results Here, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence X. was assembled and analyzed. cp 152,422 base pairs (bp) in length, with quadripartite circular structure. contained 115 unique genes, including 80 PCGs, 31 tRNA 4 rRNA genes. Comparative analyses revealed that contains large number...

Abstract Abies koreana E.H.Wilson is an endangered evergreen coniferous tree that native to high altitudes in South Korea and susceptible the effects of climate change. Hybridization reticulate evolution have been reported genus; therefore, multigene datasets from nuclear cytoplasmic genomes are needed better understand its evolutionary history. Using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) PromethION platforms, we generated complete mitochondrial (1,174,803 bp) plastid...

Elaeagnaceae, which harbor nitrogen-fixing actinomycetes, is a plant family of the Rosales and sister to Rhamnaceae, Barbeyaceae Dirachmaceae. The results previous molecular studies have not strongly supported families However, chloroplast genome provide valuable phylogenetic information; therefore, we determined Elaeaganus macrophylla compared it that such as IR junction infA gene. Elaeagnus 152,224 bp in length gene E. was psuedogenation. Phylogenetic analyses based on 79 genes 30 species...

Cyrtomium falcatum is a popular ornamental fern cultivated worldwide. Native to the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and Dokdo Island in Sea of it only present on Island. We isolated characterized chloroplast (cp) genome C. falcatum, compared with those closely related species. The genes trnV-GAC trnV-GAU were found be within cp whereas trnP-GGG rpl21 lacking. Moreover, genomes devexiscapulae Adiantum capillus-veneris lack rpl21, suggesting these are not conserved among angiosperm genomes. deletion...

Symplocarpus renifolius is a member of Araceae family that extraordinarily diverse in appearance. Previous studies on chloroplast genomes were focused duckweeds (Lemnoideae) and root crops (Colocasia, commonly known as taro). Here, we determined the genome compared factors, such genes inverted repeat (IR) junctions performed phylogenetic analysis using other species. The S. 158,521 bp includes 113 genes. A comparison among showed infA Lemna, Spirodela, Wolffiella, Wolffia, Dieffenbachia...

Lychnis kiusiana Makino is an endangered perennial herb native to wetland areas in Korea and Japan. Despite its conservational evolutionary significance, population genetic resources are lacking for this species. Next-generation sequencing has been accepted as a rapid cost-effective solution the identification of microsatellite markers nonmodel plants.Using Illumina HiSeq 2000 technology, we assembled 67,498,600 reads into 91,900 contigs identified 11,403 repeat motifs 9563 contigs. A total...

The chloroplast (cp) is an autonomous plant organelle with individual genome that encodes essential cellular functions. architecture and gene content of the cp highly conserved in angiosperms. plastome Corydalis belongs to Papaveraceae family, comprised unusual rearrangements content. Thus far, no extensive comparative studies have been carried out understand evolution genomes.Therefore, platycarpa was sequenced, wide-scale were conducted using publicly available twenty plastomes.Comparative...

Immunohistochemistry for haptoglobin (Hp) in the postischemic hippocampus demonstrated an immunoreactivity visible one day after reperfusion and continuing to increase until 14 days ischemia. The was most prominent CA1 dentate hilar region, especially cells with astroglial morphology. Double immunofluorescence histochemistry confirmed colocalization of Hp glial fibrillary acidic protein. Furthermore, a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction study elevated mRNA level hippocampus....

Abstract The study of intracellular gene transfer may allow for the detection interesting evolutionary processes such as ancient polyploidization. We compared 24 plastid genomes (plastomes) from tribe Delphinieae, one Nigelleae and Ranunculeae, including five newly sequenced genomes. functional transfers plastids rpl32 rps16 to nucleus in Delphinieae were identified. Unexpectedly, we discovered multiple divergent copies nuclear-encoded genus Aconitum . Phylogenetic synonymous substitution...

Abstract The classification and identification of Aster glehnii F. Schmidt are determined from its foliar epidermal anatomical features. Scanning electronic microscopy has been used to determine the characteristics species in detail. This study compared qualitative quantitative leaf epidermis A. for taxonomic be as a reference future studies on species. smooth, thin cuticles, depressed anomocytic stomata dispersed randomly throughout surface, polygonal cells with straight slightly curved...