A5005648054- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Gut microbiota and health
- Digestive system and related health
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Genetic Syndromes and Imprinting
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease
Sorbonne Université
2008-2021
Inserm
2010-2021
Nutrition et obésité : approches systémiques
2020-2021
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
2011-2020
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
1993-2018
École Pratique des Hautes Études
2016-2018
Université Paris Sciences et Lettres
2018
Fondation pour l’innovation en Cadiométabolisme et Nutrition
2013-2016
Université Paris Cité
2007-2016
Sorbonne Paris Cité
2015-2016
A quantitative method allowing determination of glucose metabolism in vivo muscles and white adipose tissue the anaesthetized rat is presented. tracer dose 2-deoxy[3H]glucose was injected intravenously an concentration monitored arterial blood. After 30-80 min, three muscles, soleus, extensor digitorum longus epitrochlearis, periovarian brain were sampled analysed for their content 6-phosphate. This could be related to utilization during same time period, since (1) integral decrease blood...
Obesity and its metabolic complications are characterized by subclinical systemic tissue inflammation. In rodent models of obesity, inflammation impairments linked with intestinal barrier damage. However, whether permeability is altered in human obesity remains to be investigated. a cohort 122 severely obese non-obese patients, we analyzed function combining vivo ex investigations. We found tight junction the jejunal epithelium evidenced reduction occludin tricellulin. Serum levels zonulin...
In obesity, insulin resistance is linked to inflammation in several tissues. Although the gut a very large lymphoid tissue, absorptive small intestine, jejunum, where regulates lipid and sugar absorption unknown. We analyzed jejunal samples of 185 obese subjects stratified three metabolic groups: without comorbidity, suffering from obesity-related diabetic, versus 33 lean controls. Obesity increased both mucosa surface due lower cell apoptosis innate adaptive immune populations. The...
In healthy rodents, intestinal sugar absorption in response to sugar-rich meals and insulin is regulated by GLUT2 enterocyte plasma membranes. Loss of action maintains apical location. human enterocytes, location has not been reported but may be revealed under conditions resistance.Subcellular jejunal enterocytes was analyzed confocal electron microscopy imaging Western blot 62 well-phenotyped morbidly obese subjects 7 lean subjects. locations were assayed ob/ob ob/+ mice receiving oral...
The physiological significance of the presence GLUT2 at food-facing pole intestinal cells is addressed by a study fructose absorption in GLUT2-null and control mice submitted to different sugar diets. Confocal microscopy localization, protein mRNA abundance, as well tissue membrane vesicle uptakes were assayed. was located basolateral fed meal devoid or containing complex carbohydrates. In addition, ingestion simple promoted massive recruitment membrane. Fructose uptake brush-border vesicles...
Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed on 4- and 12-wk-old anesthetized lean obese Zucker rats. During the clamp studies, total glucose production utilization assessed with a 3-[3H]glucose perfusion, whereas local was determined by measuring 2-deoxy-1-[3H]glucose 6-phosphate accumulation in various tissues. In basal state, 4 wk-old rats hyperinsulinemic (159 +/- 8 vs. 82 9 microU/ml), turnover rate similar to that observed (14.9 1.9 12.5 mg X min-1 kg-1). Glucose identical...
The ontogenesis of the glucose transporters GLUT-1, GLUT-2, and GLUT-4 hexokinases HK-I, HK-II, HK-IV (glucokinase) was studied in rat tissues. In brown adipose tissue, high levels HK-II were observed during fetal life; both decreased at birth then increased throughout development. At birth, cold exposure expression whereas fasting it. GLUT-1 HK-I present muscle, but absent. coordinate appearance skeletal muscle concomitant with acquisition insulin sensitivity after weaning. heart,...
In vivo studies have shown that insulin resistance in late pregnancy results from a decreased sensitivity of liver and peripheral tissues. the present study, measurements rates glucose utilization by skeletal muscles (soleus, extensor digitorum longus, epitrochlearis, diaphragm), white adipose tissue, brain virgin 19-day pregnant rats were performed basal condition during euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic (400 μU/ml) clamp to quantify partition identify tissues other than responsible for...
A physiological adaptation to a sugar-rich meal is achieved by increased sugar uptake match dietary load, resulting from rapid transient translocation of the fructose/glucose GLUT2 transporter brush border membrane (BBM) enterocytes. The aim this study was define contributors and mechanisms controlling intestinal absorption, focusing on action insulin contribution GLUT2-mediated transport.The studies were performed in human enterocytic colon carcinoma TC7 subclone (Caco-2/TC7) cells vivo...
To quantify and characterize the insulin resistance during pregnancy in rat, a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was set up. Dose-response curves for effects of five concentrations on glucose production, utilization, clearance were performed age-matched virgin 19-day-pregnant rats. Glucose production utilization measured by using [3-3H]-glucose. totally suppressed at plasma higher than 1,000 microU/ml two groups. Insulin concentration causing half-maximal suppression about 70 rats 250...
Intestinal glucose absorption is orchestrated by specialized transporters such as SGLT1 and GLUT2. However, the role of GLUT2 in regulation remains to be fully elucidated. We wanted evaluate on homeostasis after intestinal-specific deletion mice (GLUT2ΔIEC mice). As anticipated, intestinal provoked malabsorption visualized delay distribution oral sugar tissues. Consequences GLUT2ΔIEC were limiting body weight gain despite normal food intake, improving tolerance, increasing ketone production....
Obesity is characterized by systemic and low-grade tissue inflammation. In the intestine, alteration of intestinal barrier accumulation inflammatory cells in epithelium are important contributors gut Recent studies demonstrated role aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) maintenance immune at mucosal sites. A wide range ligands external local origin can activate this receptor. We studied causal relationship between AhR activation inflammation obesity. Jejunum samples from subjects with normal...
To investigate the role of glucose transporter expression in whole-body homeostasis, we have created transgenic mice that a 2.0- to 3.5-fold increase GLUT4 level skeletal muscle and heart. This is sufficient significantly improve insulin action reduce basal blood levels streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. These results provide first evidence direct causality between overall responsiveness.
Skeletal muscle regeneration is mediated by the proliferation of myoblasts from stem cells located beneath basal lamina myofibres, satellite cells. They are functionally indistinguishable embryonic myoblasts. The myogenic process includes fusion into multinucleated myotubes, biosynthesis proteins specific for skeletal and that regulates glucose metabolism, transporters. We find three isoforms transporter expressed during foetal myoblast differentiation: GLUT1, GLUT3 GLUT4; their relative...
Brown-adipose-tissue glucose utilization rate and its insulin-sensitivity were measured in vivo the anaesthetized rat by a 2-deoxy[1-3H]glucose technique. Glucose can be increased 60-fold insulin, to reach extremely high rates. are modulated accordance with physiological or pathological conditions.
Previous studies have shown that glucose increases the transporter (GLUT2) mRNA expression in liver vivo and vitro. Here we report an analysis of effects metabolism on GLUT2 gene expression. accumulation by was not due to stabilization its transcript but rather a direct effect transcription. A proximal fragment 5´ regulatory region mouse linked reporter transiently transfected into GLUT2-expressing cells. Glucose stimulated these cells, suggesting glucose-responsive elements were included...
This study was undertaken to determine the effects of pentobarbital anesthesia (50 mg/kg ip) on glucose kinetics and individual tissue utilization in vivo, chronically catheterized rats. Glucose turnover studies were carried out using [3-3H]glucose as tracer. A transient hyperglycemia an increased production observed 3 min after induction anesthesia. However, 40 anesthesia, glycemia returned level awake animals, whereas decreased by 30% compared with unanesthetized These results are...
Glucose metabolism was studied in anesthetized lactating rats the postabsorptive state. Basal levels of blood glucose and plasma insulin were lower 12-day-lactating than age-matched nonlactating rats. When pups removed for 24 h, maternal level reached a value intermediate between values, same as turnover increased from 3 days postpartum on compared with At peak lactation (12-19 days) 80% higher In weaned returned to Insulin secretion response an intravenous load (IVGTT) not modified but...
The sugar transporter GLUT2, present in several tissues of the gut-brain axis, has been reported to be involved control food intake. GLUT2 is a sustaining energy production cell, but it can also function as receptor for extracellular glucose. A glucose-signaling pathway indeed triggered, independently glucose metabolism, through its large cytoplasmic loop domain. However, contribution over intake remains determined. Thus, we generated transgenic mice that express GLUT2-loop domain, blocking...