A5042204292- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- melanin and skin pigmentation
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- S100 Proteins and Annexins
- Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- ATP Synthase and ATPases Research
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- Mast cells and histamine
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
University of Iceland
2011-2025
Karolinska Institutet
2020
National University Hospital of Iceland
2020
deCODE Genetics (Iceland)
2020
Reykjavík University
2020
University of Oslo
2005-2008
Yale University
2000-2007
Aquaporins are a family of water channels found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. A subfamily aquaporins, the aquaglyceroporins, permeable for as well certain solutes such glycerol, lactate, urea. Here we show that brain contains two isoforms AQP9--an aquaglyceroporin with particularly broad substrate specificity--and more prevalent these is expressed mitochondria. The mitochondrial AQP9 isoform detected an approximately 25 kDa band immunoblots. This likely to correspond new mRNA...
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a master in melanocytes and plays equally important roles mast cells. It required for the generation, differentiation, function of these cell types vertebrates. Mitf also expressed projection neurons olfactory bulb (OB), mitral tufted (M/T) Loss leads to neuronal hyperactivity primary M/T cells but general unknown. Here, we identify putative MITF target genes cells, which show limited overlap with known targets other types. These...
Mitral cells (MCs) and tufted (TCs) in the olfactory bulb (OB) act as an input convergence hub transmit information to higher areas. Since first characterized, they have been classed distinct projection neurons based on size location: laminarly arranged MCs with a diameter larger than 20 µm mitral layer (ML) smaller TCs spread across both ML external plexiform layers (EPL). Recent vivo work has shown that these encode complementary information, akin parallel channels other sensory systems....
Abstract Expression of the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) at blood–brain interface is dependent upon dystrophin associated protein complex. Here we investigated whether deletion Aqp4 gene affects molecular composition this scaffold and integrity barrier. High‐resolution immunogold cytochemistry revealed that perivascular expression α‐syntrophin was reduced by 60% in −/− mice. Additionally, AQP4 88% α‐ syn mice, accordance with earlier reports. Immunofluorescence showed also caused a modest...
Understanding how dysregulation in lipid metabolism relates to the severity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology might be critical developing effective treatments.To identify species cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with signature AD and explore their relationships measures reflecting AD-related processes (neurodegeneration, inflammation, deficits verbal episodic memory) among subjects at pre- early symptomatic stages dementia.A total 60 that had been referred an Icelandic memory clinic...
Genetic diversity of sub-Saharan African goats was assessed using 19 microsatellite markers.Breeds were sampled from eastern Africa (Maasai, Kigezi, Mubende, North West Highland, Arsi-Bale), southern (Ndebele, Pafuri) and (West Dwarf, Maure, Djallonke).European breeds (Grisons Striped, Toggenburg), Asian (Mongolian Cashmere, Bandipur) a Middle East breed (Arab) also included.The mean number alleles per locus average gene ranged 5.26±0.464(Djallonke) to 7.05±0.516(Mubende) 0.542±0.036(Pafuri)...
Abstract Chitosan, the deacetylated derivative of chitin, is used as biomaterial in diverse settings. It also found on pathogens and can be proinflammatory. Shorter derivatives chitosan generated chemically or enzymatically, oligosaccharides (ChOS). There variation chemical composition ChOS, including size distribution, but general, they have been described inert anti‐inflammatory. Active human chitinases cleave chitin chitosan, while inactive bind both do not cleave. Both active important...
Abstract Background Neuroinflammation has gained increasing attention as a potential contributing factor in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective this study was to examine association selected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory neuronal degeneration markers with signature CSF AD profile cognitive functions among subjects at symptomatic pre- early dementia stages. Methods In cross-sectional study, 52 were from an Icelandic memory clinic cohort. Subjects...
Abstract AQP9 is an aquaglyceroporin that serves important functions in peripheral organs, including the liver. Reflecting lack of knockout mice, uncertainties still prevail regarding localization and roles central nervous system. Here we present a comprehensive analysis gene expression brain, based on quantitative multipronged approach includes use animals with targeted deletion gene. We show by real‐time PCR mRNA concentration rat mouse brain ∼3% ∼0.5%, respectively, liver, organ highest...
Abstract Key roles of macroglia are inextricably coupled to specialized membrane domains. The perivascular endfoot has drawn particular attention, as this domain contains a unique complement aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) and other channel proteins that distinguishes it from perisynaptic membranes. Recent studies indicate the polarization is lost in number diseases, including temporal lobe epilepsy Alzheimer's disease. A better understanding required molecular underpinning astroglial polarization,...
Melanocytes are pigment producing cells derived from the neural crest. They primarily found in skin and hair follicles, but can also be other tissues including eye, ear heart. Here we describe distribution of pigmented C57BL/6J mouse meninges, membranes that envelope brain. These contain melanosomes all four stages development they depend on MITF, master regulator melanocyte development, suggesting bona-fide melanocytes. The location these is consistent with meningeal melanomas humans animal models.
Sequence variation of a 250–bp (base pair) fragment the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene has been studied using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing 519 Atlantic cod Gadus morhua from Iceland 78 Greenland. Twenty‐four variable nucleotide sites, mostly silent, define 34 haplotypes. The amount is high ( ?C =0·73, π=0·52 per 100 bp) with five haplotypes at polymorphic frequencies in number widely dispersed rather rare A tree genetic relationships among considerable homoplasy yet it...
Asymmetric cell division is an attractive means to diversify fates during development and for stem cells balance self-renewal differentiation. In <i>Drosophila,</i> two signaling pathways, one mediated by Numb the other Notch, play essential but antagonistic roles in enabling daughters adopt different after a wide variety of asymmetric divisions. However, recent studies show that mutating mammalian homologues, m-Numb Numblike (Numbl or Nbl), eliminating Notch developing nervous...
Although mast cell distribution has been described in both human and canine hearts, cardiac cells mice have yet to be categorically localized. We therefore sought describe within the mouse heart characterize their dependence on Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf). Cardiac were visualized using Toluidine Blue avidin staining, described. most prevalent epicardium (50%) or myocardium (45%). Less frequently, noted endocardium (5%). Within myocardium, 31% of had perivascular...
Mast cells (MCs) are located in the meninges of central nervous system (CNS), where they play key roles immune response. MC-deficient mice advantageous delineating role MCs response vivo . In this study, we illustrate that a mutation microphthalmia-associated transcription factor ( Mitf ) affects meningeal MC number dosage-dependent manner. C57BL/6J null lack completely, whereas heterozygous have on average 25% fewer MCs. might be valuable tool to study meninges.
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