Japanese encephalitis (JE), a vector-borne viral disease, is endemic to large parts of Asia and the Pacific. An estimated 3 billion people are at risk, JE has recently spread new territories. Vaccination programs, increased living standards, mechanization agriculture key factors in decline incidence this disease Japan South Korea. However, transmission likely increase Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, North Korea, Pakistan because population growth, intensified rice farming,...

Abstract Low- and middle-income countries have been undertaking health finance reforms to address shortages of medicines. However, data are lacking on how medicine availability stock-outs influence access services in Tanzania. The current study assesses the effects healthcare utilization Dodoma region, We conducted a cross-sectional that combined information from households facility surveys. A total 4 hospitals 89 public primary facilities were surveyed. surveys included observation, record...

Introduction of a health insurance scheme is one the ways to enhance access care services and protect individuals from catastrophic expenditures. Little known on influence socio-demographic social marketing strategies enrollment re-enrollment in Community Health Fund/Tiba Kwa Kadi (CHF/TIKA) Tanzania. This cross-sectional study employed quantitative methods for data collection between November 2014 March 2015 Singida Shinyanga regions. Relationship variables was obtained through Chi-square...

The availability of medicines in public health facilities Tanzania is problematic. Medicines shortages are often caused by unavailability at Medical Stores Department, the national supplier for facilities. During such stock-outs, districts may purchase from private suppliers. However, this procedure intransparent, bureaucratic and uneconomic. To complement supply chain case stock-outs with a simplified, transparent efficient procurement based on public-private partnership approach prime...

BackgroundDiphtheria (D), tetanus (T), pertussis (P), hepatitis B (HepB), invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, and measles cause substantial global morbidity mortality.MethodsThis unique review highlights geographic differences in disease burden across certain countries the African, Americas, Mediterranean, South-East Asian, Western Pacific World Health Organization (WHO) regions, relates this to vaccination coverage local vaccine recommendations using authors' as...

Abstract Background Tanzania’s primary healthcare system suffers from a scarcity of financial and human resources that impedes its effectiveness to deliver dependable uniform quality healthcare. Adherence standard treatment guidelines (STG) can help provide more consistent correct diagnoses treatments limit the irrational use medicines negative health consequences occur as result. The purpose this study was investigate prescribers’ adherence their respective national STG identify potential...

Tanzania suffers a severe shortage of pharmaceutical staff. This negatively affects the provision services and access to medicines, particularly in rural areas. Task shifting has been proposed as way mitigate impact health worker shortfalls.The aim this study was understand context extent task management Dodoma Region, Tanzania. We explored 1) number trained staff compared clinical cadres managing 2) national establishment for staffing levels, 3) job descriptions, 4) supply training...

Abstract Background Compliance with guidelines on hand hygiene (HH) is pivotal to prevent and control health-care associated infections contributes mitigating antimicrobial resistance. A baseline assessment in Dodoma region, Tanzania March 2018 showed inadequate HH levels across health care facilities. We evaluated the impact of training as part a water, sanitation (WASH) interventions “Maji kwa Afya ya Jamii” (MKAJI) project. Methods comparative was conducted June 2019 involving facilities...

The critical shortage of comprehensively trained healthcare staff in Tanzania affects the capacity to deliver essential health services, attain universal coverage and compromises outcomes. There is a specific lack suitably pharmaceutical professionals, thus, an increase use unqualified or poorly staff. Following introduction one-year pharmacy dispenser course intervention, this study explored impact that new cadre graduates had on practice compared facilities with non-pharmacy dispensers...

Objectives: To compare availability, cost, affordability and sources of anti-diabetic drugs between private public health facilities in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Design: Cross sectional descriptive study.Setting: Diabetic clinics Subjects: Eighty patients randomly selected 45 facility personnel staff working the diabetic clinics. Semi-structured questionnaires a checklist were used to collect information. Results: Oral hypoglycaemic agents available all seven three that studied. Private...

Access to safe, effective, quality and affordable essential medicines for all is a central component of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). However, the availability in peripheral healthcare facilities often limited. Several countries have developed integrated complementary pharmaceutical supply systems address shortage medicines. Nevertheless, there little evidence on how accountability contributes performance such low-income settings. The current study analyses mechanisms contributed Jazia...

Pharmaceutical supply chain management in low- and middle-income countries has received substantial attention to address the shortage of medicines at peripheral facilities. The focus been on health system interventions, including establishment public-private partnerships (PPPs). In 2014, United Republic Tanzania began implementing Jazia prime vendor (Jazia PVS) with a contracted private wholesale supplier complement national public Few studies have investigated acceptability such system....

A compact pre-filled auto-disable injection (cPAD) presentation is being developed for the fully liquid pentavalent DTP-HepB-Hib vaccine. cost analysis (CA) to compare this with presently used single-dose vial (SDV) and multi-dose (MDV) was conducted in Cambodia, Ghana, Peru.The CA included development of an excel-based costing model considered costs vaccine, safe equipment, procurement, storage, transport distribution, vaccine administration by health staff, medical waste management,...

Abstract Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is still not given enough attention and the public insufficiently aware of its existence, leading to behaviour, which propagates rise antimicrobial (AMR). One objectives Tanzania's national action plan on improve awareness understanding use through effective communication, education training. This task will need involvement many stakeholders sectors. Objectives To assess knowledge, attitudes practices toward among students in three secondary...

Tanzania, a country with low access to essential drugs, receives substantial drug donations (DDs) as in-kind gifts. To support the ongoing health sector reform and promote good donation practice, stakeholders' recipients' views on appropriateness acceptability of DDs are particular interest. The objectives were collect information situation in assess characteristics DD system Tanzania problematic areas processes including all strategies donation. Using qualitative approach, data collected...

Abstract Background : Tanzania’s primary healthcare system suffers from a scarcity of financial and human resources which impedes its effectiveness to deliver dependable uniform quality healthcare. Adherence standard treatment guidelines (STG) can help provide more consistent correct diagnoses treatments limit the irrational use medicines negative health consequences that occur as result. The purpose this study was investigate prescribers’ adherence their respective national STG identify...

Abstract A questionnaire survey (QS) among stakeholders in Tanzania had shown that in‐kind drug donations (DDs) are important to boost the supply system. Major problems were their insufficient quantity for sustainable treatment and discrepancy between needs of recipients donors' supply. Objectives this study discuss these findings learn from key informants (KIs) how improve DD process. Data collected through KI interviews 2001/2002. 30% gap has be bridged by DDs. KIs confirmed importance...

We explored the outcomes and challenges encountered during a 12-year collaborative development endeavor in Tanzania, focused on enhancing healthcare system. The Health Promotion System Strengthening (HPSS) project, supported by Swiss Government implemented Tropical Public Institute (Swiss TPH) from 2011 to 2023, aimed strengthen various aspects of Tanzania’s landscape. This included reforms health insurance through improved Community Fund (iCHF), establishment public–private partnership...