We depend upon the olfactory abilities of dogs for critical tasks such as detecting bombs, landmines, other hazardous chemicals and illicit substances. Hence, a mechanistic understanding system in is great scientific interest. Previous studies explored this aspect at cellular behavior levels; however, cognitive-level neural substrates linking them have never been explored. This given fact that driven by filtered sensory representations higher order cognitive areas rather than raw odor maps...

Objective— To determine if pain of the dorsal margin sole in horses can be attenuated by anesthesia either distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint or palmar digital (PD) nerves. Study Design— A unilateral forelimb lameness was induced creating solar pain. Response to administration local anesthetic saline solution into DIP and around PD nerves evaluated. Animals— Six horses. Methods— Lameness pressure on screwing set‐screws a nut welded inside each branch shoe. Gaits were evaluated before after...

A review of reported cases inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) horses for which no etiology was identified included granulomatous enteritis (GE), multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED), lymphocytic‐plasmacytic enterocolitis (LPE), and idiopathic (EC). The terms EC MEED were both used to describe a in characterized by infiltration intestine extraintestinal tissues with eosinophils. We use IBD only intestinal Horses GE, MEED, or LPE are usually examined because weight loss...

SUMMARY Effects of the endophyte Acremonium coenophialum in tall fescue on pregnant mares and foal viability were evaluated. Twenty-two mature randomly chosen to graze either Kentucky-31 that was free from A (endophyte-free, ef ) or infected with (endophyte-present, ep after first 90 days pregnancy through parturition. Concentrations pyrrolizidine ergopeptine alkaloids significantly greater grass, compared pasture. Ten 11 grazing pasture had obvious dystocia. Mean duration gestation for...

Summary The response of horses, with solar pain in the dorsal or palmar aspect foot, to 6 10 ml local analgesic solution administered into distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint was examined. Lameness induced 7 horses by creating one forefoot and, at another time, other set‐screws inserted a custom‐made shoe. Horses were videotaped trotting before and after application separate trials, DIP joint. scores assigned examining gaits. Scores significantly lower (P ± 0.05) for applied angles sole...

Summary Equine amnion and live yeast cell derivative were evaluated as a biological dressing topical wound medicament respectively, in the treatment of granulating wounds distal portion limbs horses. Wounds measuring 2.5 × cm created on dorsomedial aspect metacarpal metatarsal region all 4 9 Each was assigned randomly to 1 3 groups: group C, treated with nonadherent bandage control; A, beneath bandage; L, bandage. Rates contraction epithelialization not significantly different among groups....

Using noninvasive in vivo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrate that the enhancement of odorant response olfactory receptor neurons by zinc nanoparticles leads to increase activity olfaction-related and higher order areas dog brain. To study conscious dogs, employed behavioral training optical motion tracking for reducing head artifacts. We obtained brain activation maps from dogs both anesthetized state fully unrestrained state. The effect was with more as compared...

Summary Reasons for performing study : Analgesia of the palmar digital (PD) nerves has been demonstrated to cause analgesia distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint as well sole. Because PD lie in close proximity navicular bursa, we suspected that bursa would anaesthetise nerves, which result DIP joint. Objectives To determine response horses with pain instillation local anaesthetic solution into bursa. Methods Lameness was induced 6 by creating painful synovitis one forefoot administering...

Twelve ponies were used to evaluate the reliability of an abdominal adhesion model and efficacy intraperitoneal infusion sodium carboxymethylcellulose in preventing adhesions. A celiotomy was performed on each 12 serosa distal portion jejunum abraded with a dry gauze sponge at 5 locations. In addition serosal damage, single 2-0 chromic gut suture placed through seromuscular layer center area. After closure celiotomy, 1% solution (7 ml/kg body weight) infused into peritoneal cavity 6 ponies....

Twenty‐four clinically normal horses were castrated by routine methods. Peritoneal fluid was collected prior to castration and at 1, 3, 5, 7 days postcastration. on 9 11 if nucleated cell (NC) counts still markedly elevated day 7. Peritonitis, defined as NC > 10,000/μl, evident in 15 following castration. Mean peaked 5 but <10,000/μl for 74% of the 7, 90% 9. One horse had a count 60,000/μl when sampling ended. Postcastration peritoneal obviously blood‐tinged 21 horses. Peak RBC...

Anaesthesia of the palmar digital nerves is claimed to attenuate lameness in some horses that are lame because pain proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.To determine response with PIP joint anaesthesia nerves.Horses were video recorded trotting before and after induction 10 mins nerves. The anaesthetised 3 times at different sites, gaits scored subjectively.The median score administration 2% mepivacaine 1 cm cartilages foot was not significantly from (P > or = 0.05), although 6 improved...

Summary We hypothesised that analgesia of the navicular bursa is not selective for apparatus; and solar pain in some horses can be temporarily abolished or attenuated by bursa. To test this hypothesis, we caused lameness inducing dorsal margin angles sole then evaluated ability a local analgesic solution administered into to attenuate lameness. The response with palmar aspect foot 3.5 ml was examined. Lameness induced 6 creating one forefoot and, at another time, other forefoot, set‐screws...

Summary Lymphocytic‐plasmacytic enteritis (LPE) is a morphological diagnosis given to type of infiltrative intestinal disease classified within the complex idiopathic inflammatory bowel (IBD). The purpose this retrospective study was describe details breed, age and sex, clinical clinicopathological findings outcome horses diagnosed with LPE. Data were reported from 14 that had histopathological LPE; median 12 years, there no breed or sex predilection. Common signs weight loss (100%),...

Equine type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM1), a common glycogenosis associated with an R309H founder mutation in the glycogen synthase gene (GYS1), shares pathological features several human myopathies. In related disorders, pathogenesis remains unclear particular, marked phenotypic variability between affected animals. Given that animals accumulate and alpha-crystalline within their muscles, it is possible physical disruption presence of this material could exacerbate phenotype....

Orchiectomy is performed in some species using only sedation and local anesthesia to decrease the expense of performing procedure general anesthesia. The objective this study was determine if dogs can be castrated safely painlessly by After were sedated with intramuscularly administered xylazine (1 mg/kg) subanesthetic ketamine mg/kg), testes skin anesthetized 2% lidocaine (6 mg/kg, total dose) buffered sodium bicarbonate. Systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressures; heart respiratory rates;...

Specific analgesic techniques are required in diagnosis of lameness to isolate the exact origin pain many structures foot that may be involved.To determine if analgesia digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) results anaesthesia other portions foot, such as sole, distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ), or navicular bursa (NB).Lameness caused by dorsal margin heel region sole was induced 18 horses by: using set-screws create solar pressure (Trial 1: n = 5); administering endotoxin intrasynovially...

Abstract Case Description —A 7-year-old 509-kg (1,120-lb) Tennessee Walking Horse mare was evaluated because of bilateral mucosanguinous nasal discharge, intermittent right-sided epistaxis, and worsening dyspnea 9 months' duration. Clinical Findings —Multiple masses in the nasopharynx were detected via endoscopic radiographic examinations. Cytologic histologic examinations biopsy specimens 1 mass revealed round yeasts with thick nonstaining capsules occasional narrow-based budding that...