Abstract Despite declining memberships, labor unions still represent large shares of electorates worldwide. Yet their political clout remains contested. To what extent, and in way, do shape workers' preferences? We address these questions by combining unique survey data American workers a set inferential strategies that exploit two sources variation: the legal choice face joining or opting out over‐time reversal union's policy position. Focusing on issue trade, we offer evidence influence...

Abstract In response to President Trump instigating conflict over trade with China, the Chinese government countered by issuing tariffs on thousands of products worth USD 110 billion in US exports. We explore whether China's reflected a strategy apply counterpressure hurting political support for president's party. also assess strategy's impact 2018 midterm elections and examine mechanism underlying resulting electoral shift. find strong evidence that systematically targeted goods had...

Abstract When and why do individual companies lobby on environmental policies? Given the structural strength of business interests, answer to this question is important for explaining policy. However, evidence strategic lobbying behaviour remains scarce. We use data from disclosure reports all major climate bills introduced during 111th Congress (2009–2010). then link detailed fuel choices electric utilities in United States along with socioeconomic, institutional political states where...

Abstract Authoritarian local leaders face two driving forces in social policymaking: top‐down pressure from the regime and bottom‐up motivations derived conditions. Existing studies recognize importance of both forces, but remain unclear as to how they interact which them is more influential policy adoption. Focusing on health insurance integration policies China, we find that when entails substantial class or distributive conflicts bureaucratic friction, for compliance a dominant driver...

Access to natural resources creates a political conflict between the expected economic winners and their environmental opponents, but effects of such on policy politics remain unclear. To examine scope effects, we exploit rapid unanticipated technological breakthroughs in “fracking” shale gas. During past decade, gas production around Marcellus Shale formation Northeastern United States expanded rapidly. Using quasi-experimental design, how access electoral districts changed voting record...

Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination began, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) has occurred at a high rate. This study assessed the association between COVID-19 and AUB. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed mobile application data on menstrual cycles to investigate differences in prevalence, duration, amount of intermenstrual (IMB) after vaccination. We also duration menstruation, cycle length, associated symptoms Additionally, investigated prevalence IMB according...

Abstract The partisan polarization of environmental policy is an important development in American politics, but it remains unclear how much such reflects voter preferences, as opposed to disagreements between elites. We conduct a regression discontinuity analysis all major and energy votes the Senate House, 1971–2013. In total, we have 368,974 individual roll call by senators House Representatives. causal effect electing Democrat instead Republican close elections on pro‐environmental...

Partisan polarization of public opinion is a major trend in American environmental politics. While the national pattern widely recognized, scholars know much less about over time at state level. This lack knowledge unfortunate because geographic variation essential for explaining origins partisan and evaluating its consequences policy. To fill gap, multilevel regression poststratification technique applied to provide credible estimates state-level both Democrats Republicans, 1973–2012. It...

Abstract Both within the United States and across world, power sector deregulation has changed environment in which governments formulate renewable energy policy. Utilizing data from U.S. states for 1991–2012 period, this article shows that there is no difference adoption of new policy have not already gone through deregulation. However, evidence also as part a legislative package dynamic we call issue linkage. While neither an impediment nor impetus to policy, strategic challenge passing...

While the rules of international trade regimes prevent governments from employing protectionist instruments, continue to seek out veiled means supporting their national industries. This article argues that news media can serve as one channel for favor domestic Focusing on coverage auto recalls in China, I reveal a systematic bias against foreign automakers those newspapers under strict government control. further analyze subnational reporting patterns, exploiting variation level regional...

Air pollution is a pressing problem of public health for developing countries, but governments have few incentives to abate air without awareness the issue. Focusing on case Vietnam, we examine determinants pollution. Using representative survey data entire country from 2017, find that local exposure increases and reduces satisfaction with does not provoke opposition coal-fired power generation. In contrast, education leads people oppose plants. These results suggest while contributes...

Kim, S.E.; Lee, S.; D., and Song, C.G., 2018. Stormwater Inundation Analysis in Small Mediun Cities for the Climate Change Using EPA-SWMM HDM-2D. In: Shim, J.-S.; Chun, I., Lim, H.S. (eds.), Proceedings from International Coastal Symposium (ICS) 2018 (Busan, Republic of Korea). Journal Research, Special Issue No. 85, pp. 991–995. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The increase rainfall intensity flash-flood due to climate change are expected exacerbate flood inundation urban area....

Petroleum subsidies are economically costly and environmentally destructive. Autocracies tend to offer higher for petroleum products than do democracies. Why? This study uses a global dataset of gasoline prices in developing countries the years 2003–9 show that autocratic subsidy premium stems from where much population lives small cities. Urban riots major threat political survival, high fuel cause social unrest. In large cities, autocrats can use public transportation mitigate effects...

Authoritarian local leaders face two driving forces in social policy making: top-down pressure from the regime and bottom-up motivations derived conditions. Existing studies recognize importance of both but remain unclear as to how they interact which them is more influential adoption. Focusing on health insurance integration policies China, we find that when entails substantial class or distributive conflicts bureaucratic friction, for compliance a dominant driver adoption; does not entail...

Political-feasibility concerns are at the center of real-world air-pollution policymaking. Yet, these often not represented in leading decision-support tools that have been used for assessing policies' environmental impacts. Focusing on a wide range clean-air policies India, we assess their political-feasibility scores basis public opinion, market, and institutional considerations then incorporate into evaluation impacts by using an integrated assessment model (GAINS-South Asia). We...

Gasoline prices are often a heated topic during presidential election campaigns in the United States. Yet, presidents have limited control over gasoline prices. Do voters reward or punish president for changes prices? Why might blame an outcome beyond direct control? This study addresses these questions by testing effects of on pocketbook retrospection voters. To capture personal economic burden prices, we rely average driving times to work, given inelastic nature consumption commuting. The...

Air pollution is a pressing concern for the Chinese government. While an increase in public about air can be politically costly regime, we show that government proactively utilizes news media to awareness of instead suppressing relevant information. By analyzing coverage by 161 government-controlled and commercially-oriented newspapers between 2000 2017, find provide more extensive than newspapers. This tendency has become pronounced since China declared its war on pollution. Automated text...

Does political diversity affect the prevalence of selfless behavior across a society? According to recurrent finding from study social capital, ethnic reduces pro-social behavior. We ask whether same applies partisan identity, by turning frequently used proxy for capital: blood donations. The question is especially timely. US currently experiencing its worst shortage in over decade. Using survey results covering 275,000 individuals United States 2010 2020, and preregistered an additional...

Does political diversity affect the prevalence of selfless behavior across a society? According to recurrent finding from study social capital, ethnic reduces prosocial behavior. We ask whether same applies partisan identity, by turning frequently used proxy for capital: blood donations. The question is especially timely: United States currently experiencing its worst shortage in over decade. Using survey results covering 275,000 individuals US 2010 2020, and preregistered an additional...

Abstract What implications might rising animosity towards political out-partisans have for public health? Vaccination has a significant social aspect, protecting not only the vaccinated, but also those around them. While ideology in United States was an important driver of individuals’ willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19, with on right displaying greater hesitancy, we examine role that diversity vaccine uptake across US states and commuting zones. Using data from Cooperative...

Abstract How responsive is the US’ Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) to labor dislocation that results from trade integration? Recent findings suggest world's most ambitious adjustment program barely responds import shocks, and shortfall made up by disability insurance early retirement. This holds considerable implications: TAA offers a lens onto central question of whether developed democracies can effectively redistribute gains international economic integration. We take closer look at...