A5001474761- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- interferon and immune responses
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Infection Control in Healthcare
- Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation
- RNA Research and Splicing
- RNA regulation and disease
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
University of Maryland, College Park
2019-2025
Simon Fraser University
2015-2021
National Cancer Institute
2013-2021
Public Health Institute
2021
Michigan State University
2010-2016
University of British Columbia
2016
Columbia University
2015
Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research
2013
Abstract The current practice for diagnosis of COVID-19, based on SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing pharyngeal or respiratory specimens in a symptomatic patient at high epidemiologic risk, likely underestimates the true prevalence infection. Serologic methods can more accurately estimate disease burden by detecting infections missed limited performed to date. Here, we describe validation coronavirus antigen microarray containing immunologically significant antigens from SARS-CoV-2, addition SARS-CoV,...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemiology implicates airborne transmission; aerosol infectiousness and impacts of masks variants on shedding are not well understood.
The current practice for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection relies on PCR testing nasopharyngeal or respiratory specimens in a symptomatic patient at high epidemiologic risk. This strategy likely underestimates the true prevalence infection, creating need serologic methods to detect infections missed by limited date. Here, we describe development coronavirus antigen microarray containing immunologically significant antigens from SARS-CoV-2, addition SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, common human strains,...
How retroviruses regulate the amount of RNA genome packaged into each virion has remained a long-standing question. Our previous study showed that most HIV-1 particles contain two copies viral RNA, indicating number genomes is tightly regulated. In this report, we examine mechanism controls encapsidated particles. We hypothesize regulates packaging by either mass or copy RNA. These distinct mechanisms predict different outcomes when size deviates significantly from wild type. Regulation...
Significance Dimerization of the RNA genome is a key event in HIV-1 virion assembly and has strong impact viral replication evolution. Packaging dimeric allows frequent recombination to rescue genetic information damaged RNAs generate variants that can evade host immune response or resist antiviral treatments. Furthermore, packaging regulated by recognition RNA. Our studies demonstrate dimerize not cytoplasm but on plasma membrane, often early during process, Gag protein required for...
Strategies to protect building occupants from the risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI) need consider ventilation for its ability dilute and remove indoor bioaerosols. Prior studies have described an association increased self-reported colds influenza-like symptoms with low but not combined rigorous characterization assessment laboratory confirmed infections. We report a study designed fill this gap. followed ARI rates measured CO2 concentrations four months during winter-spring 2018 in...
Abstract The current practice for diagnosis of COVID-19, based on SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing pharyngeal or respiratory specimens in a symptomatic patient at high epidemiologic risk, likely underestimates the true prevalence infection. Serologic methods can more accurately estimate disease burden by detecting infections missed limited performed to date. Here, we describe validation coronavirus antigen microarray containing immunologically significant antigens from SARS-CoV-2, addition SARS-CoV,...
The findings of this manuscript are increasingly important with new variants that appear to have shorter incubation periods emerging, which may be more prone detection in saliva before nasal swabs. Therefore, there is an urgent need provide the science support use a method highly sensitive and widely acceptable public improve screening rates early detection.
Abstract Background Aerosol inhalation is recognized as the dominant mode of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Three highly transmissible lineages evolved during pandemic. One hypothesis to explain increased transmissibility that natural selection favors variants with higher rates viral aerosol shedding. However, extent shedding successive SARS-CoV-2 unknown. We aimed measure infectivity and rate into exhaled breath (EBA) by individuals Delta Omicron...
We report the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients (mid-turbinate swabs and exhaled breath aerosol samples) concentrations as low 60 copies/mL virus seconds by electrical transduction S1 spike protein antigen via antibodies immobilized on bilayer quasi-freestanding epitaxial graphene without gate or signal amplification. The sensor demonstrates a concentration 1 ag/mL. heterostructure antibody/graphene-based is developed through simple low-cost fabrication technique....
Abstract Background The relative importance of inhalation, spray, and touch transmission remains poorly understood. We implemented a randomized controlled trial incorporating community-acquired cases using behavioral, personal protective equipment, environmental interventions as tools to understand the pathway influenza transmission.Figure 1.Study design timeline cohorts with naturally infected Donors Methods recruited healthy volunteer Recipients PCR-confirmed infection hotel quarantine....
Quantifying infectious virus is essential for vaccine development, clinical diagnostics, and disease research, but current assays are constrained by long turnaround times, high costs, laborious procedures. To address these limitations, we present a digital focus assay employing an array of independent nanoliter cell cultures. The microfluidic platform allows cells in each nanowell to be inoculated with virus, followed oil discretization prevent cross-contamination. After incubation, infected...
Objectives/Goals: Mathematical models of airborne virus transmission lack supporting field and clinical data such as viral aerosol emission rates infectious doses. Here, we aim to measure inhalation exposure influenza aerosols in a room shared with persons community-acquired estimate the dose via inhalation. Methods/Study Population: We recruited healthy volunteer recipients donors polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed infection. On admission hotel quarantine, provided sera determine...
Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology implicates airborne transmission; aerosol infectiousness and impacts of masks variants on shedding are not well understood. Methods We recruited COVID-19 cases to give blood, saliva, mid-turbinate fomite (phone) swabs, 30-minute breath samples while vocalizing into a Gesundheit-II, with without at up two visits days apart. quantified sequenced viral RNA, cultured virus, assayed sera for anti-spike anti-receptor binding domain antibodies. Results...
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and varicella zoster (VZV) cause extensive intra-ocular neural infections in humans are closely related to Felid herpes (FeHV-1). We report the extent of replication morphological aspects during acute latent phases FeHV-1 infection. Juvenile, SPF cats were inoculated with FeHV-1. Additional used as negative controls. Cats euthanized on days 6, 10, 30 post-inoculation. was isolated from conjunctiva, cornea, uveal tract, retina, optic nerve, ciliary ganglion...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag selects and packages the HIV RNA genome during assembly. However, HIV-1 constitutes only a small fraction of cellular RNA. Although exhibits slight preference to viral RNA, most cytoplasmic proteins are associated with RNAs. Thus, it is not understood how achieves highly efficient packaging. We hypothesize that besides binding, other properties important for Many mutants have assembly defects preclude analysis their effects on To bypass this...
The increasing prevalence of influenza viruses with resistance to approved antivirals highlights the need for new anti-influenza therapeutics. Here we describe functional properties hexamethylene amiloride (HMA)–derived compounds that inhibit wild-type and adamantane-resistant forms A M2 ion channel. For example, 6-(azepan-1-yl)-<i>N</i>-carbamimidoylnicotinamide (<b>9</b>) inhibits amantadine-sensitive currents 3- 6-fold greater potency than amantadine or HMA (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.2 vs. 0.6...
Abstract Background Saliva is an attractive sample for detecting SARS-CoV-2. However, contradictory reports exist concerning the sensitivity of saliva versus nasal swabs. Methods We followed close contacts COVID-19 cases up to 14 days from last exposure and collected self-reported symptoms, mid-turbinate swabs (MTS), every two or three days. Ct values, viral load, frequency detection by MTS were compared. Results 58 provided 200 saliva-MTS pairs; (13 with symptoms) had one more positive...