A5054359071- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- HIV Research and Treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Blood donation and transfusion practices
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Malaria Research and Control
- Blood transfusion and management
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
Pacific Research Institute
2019-2025
Vitalant
2017-2025
University of California, San Francisco
2017-2025
VIR Biotechnology (United States)
2022-2023
Blood Systems Research Institute
2014-2022
University of San Francisco
2018-2021
University of California System
2018
University of California, Santa Barbara
2017
Hologic (United States)
2017
Johns Hopkins University
2017
People who have been infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 reduced risk of subsequent infection, but the proportion people in US antibodies from infection vaccination is uncertain.To estimate trends seroprevalence related to and population.In a repeated cross-sectional study conducted each month during July 2020 through May 2021, 17 blood collection organizations donations all 50 states; Washington, DC; Puerto Rico were organized into 66 study-specific regions, representing...
Abstract The current practice for diagnosis of COVID-19, based on SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing pharyngeal or respiratory specimens in a symptomatic patient at high epidemiologic risk, likely underestimates the true prevalence infection. Serologic methods can more accurately estimate disease burden by detecting infections missed limited performed to date. Here, we describe validation coronavirus antigen microarray containing immunologically significant antigens from SARS-CoV-2, addition SARS-CoV,...
Key Points Genetic and biological variability in blood donors may impact RBC predisposition to hemolysis during cold storage after transfusion. Male sex, Asian or African American racial background, older age (>45 years) are significant modifiers of hemolysis.
ABSTRACT While progress has been made in characterizing humoral immunity to Zika virus (ZIKV) humans, little is known regarding the corresponding T cell responses ZIKV. Here, we investigate kinetics and viral epitopes targeted by cells responding ZIKV address critical question of whether preexisting dengue (DENV) modulates these responses. We find that memory elicited prior infection with DENV or vaccination tetravalent attenuated vaccines (TDLAV) recognize ZIKV-derived peptides. This...
The SARS-CoV-2 proteome shares regions of conservation with endemic human coronaviruses (CoVs), but it remains unknown to what extent these may be cross-recognized by the antibody response. Here, we study cross-reactivity using a highly multiplexed peptide assay (PepSeq) generate an epitope-resolved view IgG reactivity across all CoVs in both COVID-19 convalescent and negative donors. PepSeq resolves epitopes Spike Nucleocapsid proteins that are commonly targeted donors, including several...
Abstract Given the limited availability of serological testing to date, seroprevalence SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in different populations has remained unclear. Here, we report very low SARS-CoV-2 two San Francisco Bay Area populations. Seroreactivity was 0.26% 387 hospitalized patients admitted for non-respiratory indications and 0.1% 1,000 blood donors early April 2020. We additionally describe longitudinal dynamics immunoglobulin-G (IgG), immunoglobulin-M (IgM), vitro neutralizing...
Antibody detection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on severity, assay, and timing with implications for serosurveillance.
Changes in testing behaviors and reporting requirements have hampered the ability to estimate U.S. SARS-CoV-2 incidence (1). Hybrid immunity (immunity derived from both previous infection vaccination) has been reported provide better protection than that or vaccination alone (2). To of prevalence infection- vaccination-induced antibodies (or both), data a nationwide, longitudinal cohort blood donors were analyzed. During second quarter 2021 (April-June), an estimated 68.4% persons aged ≥16...
Although blood donation is allowed every 8 weeks in the United States, recovery of hemoglobin to currently accepted standard (12.5 g/dL) frequently delayed, and some donors become anemic.
Red blood cell storage in the bank promotes progressive accumulation of metabolic alterations that may ultimately impact erythrocyte capacity to cope with oxidant stressors. However, underpinnings RBCs resist stress and potential donor biology on this phenotype are not known. Within framework REDS-III RBC-Omics study, from 8,502 healthy donors were stored for 42 days tested their propensity hemolyze following stress. A subset extreme hemolyzers donated a second unit blood, which was 10, 23,...
Animal models of Zika virus (ZIKV) are needed to better understand tropism and pathogenesis test candidate vaccines therapies curtail the pandemic. Humans rhesus macaques possess similar fetal development placental biology that is not shared between humans rodents. We inoculated 2 non-pregnant with a 2015 Brazilian ZIKV strain. Consistent most human infections, animals experienced no clinical disease but developed short-lived plasma viremias cleared as neutralizing antibody developed. In 1...
The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas established ZIKV as a major public health threat and uncovered its association with severe diseases, including microcephaly. However, genetic epidemiology some at-risk regions, particularly Central America Mexico, remains limited. We report 61 genomes from this region, generated using metagenomic sequencing ZIKV-specific enrichment, combine phylogenetic, epidemiological, environmental data to reconstruct transmission. These analyses revealed...
Twelve percent of all acute liver failure (ALF) cases are unknown origin, often termed indeterminate. A previously unrecognized hepatotropic virus has been suspected as a potential etiologic agent. We compared the performance metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) with confirmatory nucleic acid testing (NAT) to routine clinical diagnostic in detection known or novel viruses associated ALF. Serum samples from 204 adult ALF patients collected 1998 2010 part nationwide registry were...
Comprehensive understanding of the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for both pathophysiologic insight and diagnostic development. Here, we generate a pan-human coronavirus programmable phage display assay perform proteome-wide profiling antigens enriched by 98 COVID-19 patient sera. Next, use ReScan, method efficiently sequester expressing most immunogenic peptides print them onto paper-based microarrays using acoustic liquid handling, which isolates identifies nine...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs), harboring spike protein N-terminal domain (NTD) or receptor-binding (RBD) mutations, exhibit reduced in vitro susceptibility to convalescent-phase serum, commercial antibody cocktails, and vaccine neutralization have been associated with reinfections. The accumulation these mutations could be the consequence intrahost viral evolution due prolonged infection immunocompromised hosts. In this study, we...
BACKGROUND Biological and technical variability has been increasingly appreciated as a key factor impacting red blood cell (RBC) storability and, potentially, transfusion outcomes. Here, we performed metabolomics analyses to investigate the impact of factors other than storage duration on metabolic phenotypes stored RBC in multicenter study. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Within framework REDS‐III (Recipient Epidemiology Donor Evaluation Study‐III) RBC‐Omics study, 13,403 donors were enrolled from...
ABSTRACT We report very low SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in two San Francisco Bay Area populations. Seropositivity was 0.26% 387 hospitalized patients admitted for non-respiratory indications and 0.1% 1,000 blood donors. additionally describe the longitudinal dynamics of immunoglobulin-G, immunoglobulin-M, vitro neutralizing antibody titers COVID-19 patients. Neutralizing antibodies rise tandem with immunoglobulin levels following symptom onset, exhibiting median time to seroconversion within...
CD4 T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are important for the generation of durable and specific humoral protection against viral infections. The degree to which SARS-CoV-2 infection generates Tfh stimulates germinal center (GC) response is an question as we investigate vaccine induced immunity COVID-19. Here, report that in rhesus macaques, either infused with convalescent plasma, normal or receiving no infusion, resulted transient accumulation pro-inflammatory monocytes proliferating a Th1...
Quantifying the replication-competent HIV reservoir is essential for evaluating curative strategies. Viral outgrowth assays (VOAs) underestimate because they fail to induce all proviruses. Single- or double-region DNA overestimate it exclude many defective We designed two triplex droplet digital PCR assays, each with 2 unique targets and 1 in common, normalize results PCR-based T cell counts. Both are specific, sensitive, reproducible. Together, estimate number of proviruses containing five...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serosurveys can estimate cumulative incidence for monitoring epidemics, requiring assessment of serologic assays to inform testing algorithm development and interpretation results. We conducted a multilaboratory evaluation 21 commercial high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 using blinded panels 1,000 highly characterized specimens. Assays demonstrated range sensitivities (96%-63%), specificities (99%-96%), precision (intraclass correlation...
Estimated US Infection- and Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Based on Blood Donations, July 2020-May 2021
ABSTRACT To define the ratio of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) RNA molecules to infectious virions in plasma, a ramp-up-stage plasma pool was made from earliest viral (vRNA)-positive samples (collected approximately 7 days after inoculation) seven macaques, and set-point-stage collected 10 16 weeks peak viremia macaques; vRNA levels these pools were determined, serial 10-fold dilutions containing 1 1,500 copies/ml made. Intravenous (i.v.) inoculation 1-ml aliquot diluted 20 copies...