A5054207126- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Complement system in diseases
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Travel-related health issues
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Livestock and Poultry Management
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
University of California, San Francisco
2016-2025
San Francisco General Hospital
2014-2025
University of California System
2021-2025
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (United States)
2018-2024
Universidad Católica de Santa Fe
2024
Office of Infectious Diseases
2023
Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration
2015-2021
Radboud University Medical Center
2021
Radboud University Nijmegen
2021
Makerere University
2021
Hugh Sturrock and colleagues discuss the role of active case detection in low malaria transmission settings. They argue that evidence for its effectiveness is sparse targeted mass drug administration should be evaluated as an alternative or addition to detection. Please see later article Editors' Summary
The biological processes associated with postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) are unknown.
The growing prevalence of deadly microbes with resistance to previously life-saving drug therapies is a dire threat human health. Detection low abundance pathogen sequences remains challenge for metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). We introduce FLASH (Finding Low Abundance Sequences by Hybridization), next-generation CRISPR/Cas9 diagnostic method that takes advantage the efficiency, specificity and flexibility Cas9 enrich programmed set sequences. FLASH-NGS achieves up 5 orders...
The intensification of control interventions has led to marked reductions in malaria burden some settings, but not others. To provide a comprehensive description epidemiology Uganda, we conducted surveillance studies over 24 months 100 houses randomly selected from each three subcounties: Walukuba (peri-urban), Kihihi (rural), and Nagongera (rural). Annual entomological inoculation rate (aEIR) was estimated monthly Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) light trap mosquito collections....
Highlights•The magnitude of early CD4+ T cell responses correlates with severity COVID-19•Prior lung disease higher SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ responses•PASC is associated a decline in N-specific interferon-γ-producing cells•Neutralizing capacity responsesSummaryWe describe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific responses, soluble markers inflammation, and antibody levels neutralization longitudinally 70 individuals PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection....
Neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons (IFNs) have been found in some patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, prevalence of these antibodies, their longitudinal dynamics across severity scale, and functional effects on circulating leukocytes remain unknown. Here, 284 COVID-19, we IFN–specific peripheral blood samples from 19% 6% disease. We no IFN individuals moderate Longitudinal...
Significance Widely available accurate estimates of malaria exposure are essential for targeting and evaluation public health interventions. Antibody responses to the parasite can provide information on past exposure, but date, most such measurements have been based a small number proteins chosen by convenience rather than utility not provided quantitative an individual’s exposure. Our results generated screening hundreds in children with known histories indicate that few appropriately...
The Plasmodium falciparum entomological inoculation rate (Pf EIR) is a measure of exposure to infectious mosquitoes. It usually interpreted as the number P. infective bites received by an individual during season or annually (aPf EIR). In area perennial transmission, accuracy, precision and seasonal distribution (i.e., month month) aPf EIR were investigated. Data drawn from three sites in Uganda with differing levels transmission where malaria transmitted mainly Anopheles gambiae s.l....
As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues, reports have demonstrated neurologic sequelae following COVID-19 recovery. Mechanisms to explain long-term neurological are unknown and need be identified. Plasma from 24 individuals recovering at 1 3 months after initial infection were collected for cytokine antibody levels neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle (nEV) protein cargo analyses. IL-4 was increased in all participants. Volunteers with self-reported problems (nCoV, n = 8) had a positive...
BackgroundSymptomatic malaria cases reflect only a small proportion of all Plasmodium spp infections. Many infected individuals are asymptomatic, and persistent asymptomatic falciparum infections common in endemic settings. We aimed to quantify the contribution symptomatic P transmission Tororo, Uganda.MethodsWe did longitudinal, observational cohort study Tororo district, Uganda. recruited participants ages from randomly selected households within this district. Participants were eligible...
Antibody detection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on severity, assay, and timing with implications for serosurveillance.
Abstract As cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mount worldwide, attention is needed on potential long-term neurologic impacts for the majority patients who experience mild to moderate illness managed as outpatients. To date, there has not been discussion persistent neurocognitive deficits in with milder COVID-19. We present two non-hospitalized recovering from COVID-19 symptoms. Commonly used cognitive screens were normal, while more detailed testing revealed working memory and...
Anopheles stephensi, an Asian malaria vector, continues to expand across Africa. The vector is now firmly established in urban settings the Horn of Its presence areas where resurged suggested a possible role causing outbreaks. Here, using prospective case-control design, we investigated An. stephensi transmission following outbreak Dire Dawa, Ethiopia April-July 2022. Screening contacts patients with and febrile controls revealed spatial clustering Plasmodium falciparum infections around...
ABSTRACT Polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum pfmdr1 gene were assayed pretreatment samples and from patients reinfected following therapy with artemether-lumefantrine. The alleles 86N, 184F, 1246D significantly increased prevalence after treatment. All had a single copy. Treatment artemether-lumefantrine selects for polymorphisms that may alter antimalarial drug response.
To compare the efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Uganda.Randomized single-blinded clinical trial.Apac, Uganda, an area very high transmission intensity.Children aged 6 mo to 10 y with malaria.Treatment AL or DP, each following standard 3-d dosing regimens.Risks recurrent parasitemia at 28 42 d, unadjusted adjusted by genotyping distinguish recrudescences new infections.Of 421 enrolled...
Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) are the primary vector control interventions used to prevent malaria in Africa. Although both effective some settings, high-quality evidence is rarely available evaluate their effectiveness following deployment by a national program. In Uganda, we measured changes key indicators universal LLIN distribution three sites, with addition IRS at one these sites.Comprehensive surveillance was conducted from...
Background. Malaria risk may be heterogeneous in urban areas of Africa. Identifying those at highest for malaria lead to more targeted approaches control.
As many malaria-endemic countries move towards elimination of Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent human malaria parasite, effective tools for monitoring epidemiology are urgent priorities. P. falciparum population genetic approaches offer promising understanding transmission and spread disease, but a high prevalence multi-clone or polygenomic infections can render estimation even basic parameters, such as allele frequencies, challenging. A previous method, COIL, was developed to...
Exposure to Plasmodium falciparum is associated with circulating "atypical" memory B cells (atMBCs), which appear similar dysfunctional found in HIV-infected individuals. Functional analysis of atMBCs has been limited, one report suggesting these are not but produce protective antibodies. To better understand the function malaria-associated atMBCs, we performed global transcriptome cells, obtained from individuals living an area high malaria endemicity Uganda. Comparison gene expression data...
Malaria transmission is spatially heterogeneous. This reduces the efficacy of control strategies, but focusing strategies on clusters or 'hotspots' may be highly effective. Among 1500 homesteads in coastal Kenya we calculated (a) fraction febrile children with positive malaria smears per homestead, and (b) mean age homestead. These two measures were inversely correlated, indicating that at higher acquire immunity more rapidly. inverse correlation increased gradually increasing spatial scale...
Sensitive field-deployable diagnostic tests can assist malaria programs in achieving elimination. The performance of a new Alere™ Malaria Ag P.f Ultra rapid test (uRDT) was compared with the currently available SD Bioline RDT blood specimens from asymptomatic individuals Nagongera, Uganda, and Karen Village, Myanmar, representative high- low-transmission areas, respectively, as well pretreatment study participants four Plasmodium falciparum-induced blood-stage (IBSM) studies. A quantitative...
Although evidence suggests that T cells are critical for immunity to malaria, reliable cell correlates of exposure and protection from malaria among children living in endemic areas lacking. We used multiparameter flow cytometry perform a detailed functional characterization malaria-specific 78 four-year-old enrolled longitudinal cohort study Tororo, Uganda, highly malaria-endemic region. More than 1800 episodes were observed this cohort, with no cases severe malaria. quantified production...
Fundamental gaps remain in our understanding of how immunity to malaria develops. We used detailed clinical and entomological data from parallel cohort studies conducted across the transmission spectrum Uganda quantify development against symptomatic P. falciparum as a function age intensity. focus on: anti-parasite (i.e. ability control parasite densities) anti-disease tolerate higher densities without fever). Our findings suggest strong effect on both types immunity, not explained by...
As countries move towards malaria elimination, methods to identify infections among populations who do not seek treatment are required. Reactive case detection, whereby individuals living in close proximity passively detected cases screened and treated, is one approach being used by a number of including Swaziland. An outstanding issue establishing the epidemiologically operationally optimal screening radius around each index case. Using data collected between December 2009 June 2012 from...