A5046059142- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Malaria Research and Control
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Complement system in diseases
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Travel-related health issues
- Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
University of California, San Francisco
2017-2025
Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (United States)
2022-2023
Stanford University
2022
University of California System
2020-2022
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2021
San Francisco General Hospital
2017-2021
Radboud University Nijmegen
2021
Radboud University Medical Center
2021
Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration
2021
Makerere University
2021
Novel data streams (NDS), such as web search or social media updates, hold promise for enhancing the capabilities of public health surveillance. In this paper, we outline a conceptual framework integrating NDS into current Our approach focuses on two key questions: What are opportunities using and what minimal tests validity utility that must be applied when NDS? Identifying these will necessitate involvement authorities an appreciation diversity objectives scales across agencies at...
The clinical outcomes associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas have been well documented, but other aspects of pandemic, such as attack rates and risk factors, are poorly understood. We prospectively followed a cohort 1453 urban residents Salvador, Brazil, and, using an assay that measured immunoglobulin G3 (IgG3) responses against ZIKV NS1 antigen, we estimated 73% individuals were infected during 2015 outbreak. Attack spatially heterogeneous, varying by factor 3 within community...
The first approved dengue vaccine has now been licensed in six countries. We propose that this live attenuated acts like a silent natural infection priming or boosting host immunity. A transmission dynamic model incorporating hypothesis fits recent clinical trial data well and predicts effectiveness depends strongly on the age group vaccinated local intensity. Vaccination low-transmission settings may increase incidence of more severe “secondary-like” and, thus, numbers hospitalized for...
Background Large Phase III trials across Asia and Latin America have recently demonstrated the efficacy of a recombinant, live-attenuated dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) over first 25 mo following vaccination. Subsequent data collected in longer-term follow-up phase, however, raised concerns about potential increase hospitalization risk subsequent infections, particular among young, dengue-naïve vaccinees. We here report predictions from eight independent modelling groups on long-term safety,...
Highlights•The magnitude of early CD4+ T cell responses correlates with severity COVID-19•Prior lung disease higher SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ responses•PASC is associated a decline in N-specific interferon-γ-producing cells•Neutralizing capacity responsesSummaryWe describe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific responses, soluble markers inflammation, and antibody levels neutralization longitudinally 70 individuals PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection....
Intervention planning for dengue requires reliable estimates of transmission intensity. However, current maps risk provide disease burden or the boundaries endemicity rather than We therefore developed a global high-resolution map intensity by fitting environmentally driven geospatial models to geolocated force infection derived from cross-sectional serological surveys and routine case surveillance data. assessed impact interventions on using Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes Sanofi-Pasteur...
As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues, reports have demonstrated neurologic sequelae following COVID-19 recovery. Mechanisms to explain long-term neurological are unknown and need be identified. Plasma from 24 individuals recovering at 1 3 months after initial infection were collected for cytokine antibody levels neuronal-enriched extracellular vesicle (nEV) protein cargo analyses. IL-4 was increased in all participants. Volunteers with self-reported problems (nCoV, n = 8) had a positive...
Defining acceptable performance characteristics for SARS-CoV-2 serological tests requires factoring in how the results will be used.
BackgroundSymptomatic malaria cases reflect only a small proportion of all Plasmodium spp infections. Many infected individuals are asymptomatic, and persistent asymptomatic falciparum infections common in endemic settings. We aimed to quantify the contribution symptomatic P transmission Tororo, Uganda.MethodsWe did longitudinal, observational cohort study Tororo district, Uganda. recruited participants ages from randomly selected households within this district. Participants were eligible...
Antibody detection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on severity, assay, and timing with implications for serosurveillance.
Background Dengue virus (DENV) was reintroduced into Brazil in 1986 and by 1995 it had spread throughout the country. In 2007 number of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases more than doubled a shift age distribution reported. While previously majority DHF occurred among adults, 53% children under 15 years old. The reasons for this have not been determined. Methods Findings Age stratified cross-sectional seroepidemiologic survey conducted Recife, 2006. Serostatus determined ELISA based...
The gold-standard method for quantifying neutralizing antibody responses to many viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), is the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT, also called immunofocus test). PRNT conducted on 96-well plates high-throughput and requires a smaller volume of antiserum than 6- or 24-well plates, but manual counting challenging existing automated counters are expensive difficult optimize. We have developed Viridot (Viridot package), program R with user interface in...
Fundamental gaps remain in our understanding of how immunity to malaria develops. We used detailed clinical and entomological data from parallel cohort studies conducted across the transmission spectrum Uganda quantify development against symptomatic P. falciparum as a function age intensity. focus on: anti-parasite (i.e. ability control parasite densities) anti-disease tolerate higher densities without fever). Our findings suggest strong effect on both types immunity, not explained by...
Serologic studies are crucial for clarifying dynamics of the coronavirus disease pandemic. Past work on serologic (e.g., during influenza pandemics) has made relevant contributions, but specific conditions current situation require adaptation. Although detection antibodies to measure exposure, immunity, or both seems straightforward conceptually, numerous challenges exist in terms sample collection, what presence actually means, and appropriate analysis interpretation account test accuracy...
Biased seroprevalence estimates can occur using serological assays optimized with validation sets unrepresentative of disease spectrum in the general population. Correct interpretation serosurveys for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 requires quantifying variations sensitivity severity and over time.
Serostudies are needed to answer generalizable questions on disease risk. However, recruitment is usually biased by age or location. We present a nationally-representative study for dengue from 70 communities in Bangladesh. collected data risk factors, trapped mosquitoes and tested serum IgG. Out of 5866 individuals, 24% had evidence historic infection, ranging 3% the north >80% Dhaka. Being male (aOR:1.8, [95%CI:1.5–2.0]) recent travel (aOR:1.3, [1.1–1.8]) were linked seropositivity....
Abstract Background There is mounting evidence for the presence of postacute sequelae severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC), but there limited information on spectrum, magnitude, duration, and patterns these as well their influence quality life. Methods We assembled a cohort adults with documented history SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity at ≥2 weeks past onset disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms or, if asymptomatic, first positive test. At 4-month intervals, we...
Multiple studies have reported a male bias in incidence and/or prevalence of malaria infection males compared to females. To test the hypothesis that sex-based differences host-parasite interactions affect epidemiology malaria, we intensively followed Plasmodium falciparum infections cohort endemic area eastern Uganda and estimated both force (FOI) rate clearance using amplicon deep-sequencing. We found no evidence behavioral risk factors, or FOI by sex. In contrast, females cleared...