Summary Little is known about the mechanisms that control transcription of mitochondrial and chloroplastic genomes, their interplay within plant cells. Here, we describe positional cloning Arabidopsis RUG2 gene, which encodes a protein dual‐targeted to mitochondria chloroplasts, homologous with metazoan termination factors (mTERFs). In loss‐of‐function rug2 mutants, most organs were pale showed reduced growth, leaves exhibited both green sectors, latter containing sparsely packed mesophyll...

Arabidopsis thaliana reticulate mutants exhibit differential pigmentation of the veinal and interveinal leaf regions, a visible phenotype that often indicates impaired mesophyll development. We performed metabolomic analysis one ven6 (venosa6) three ven3 revealed altered levels arginine precursors, namely increased ornithine reduced citrulline levels. In addition, were more sensitive than wild-type to exogenous ornithine, reticulation defects these completely rescued by citrulline. Taken...

The Arabidopsis rugosa1 (rug1) mutant has irregularly shaped leaves and reduced growth. In the absence of pathogens, rug1 plants have spontaneous lesions reminiscent those seen in lesion-mimic mutants; also express cytological molecular markers associated with defence against pathogens. These phenotypes are made stronger by dark/light transitions. delayed flowering time, upregulation floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) downregulation promoters FT SOC1/AGL20. Vernalization suppresses...

Ribosome biogenesis is fundamental to growth and development in eukaryotes linked human diseases cancer. Arabidopsis thaliana MORPHOLOGY OF ARGONAUTE1-52 SUPPRESSED 2 (MAS2) participates splicing 45S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) expression. In a screen for MAS2 interactors, we identified RIBOSOMAL RNA PROCESSING 7 (RRP7), an ortholog of yeast rRNA processing protein (Rrp7), which required 18S (rRNA) maturation. rrp7 mutants exhibit pleiotropic phenotype including slow growth, altered shoot...

Ribosome biogenesis is crucial for cellular metabolism and has important implications disease aging. Human (Homo sapiens) glioma tumor-suppressor candidate region gene2 (GLTSCR2) yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Nucleolar protein53 (Nop53) are orthologous proteins with demonstrated roles as ribosome factors; knockdown of GLTSCR2 impairs maturation 18S 5.8S ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), Nop53 required 25S rRNAs. Here, we characterized SMALL ORGAN4 (SMO4), the most likely ortholog human in...

Abstract Forward genetic screens have successfully identified many genes and continue to be powerful tools for dissecting biological processes in Arabidopsis other model species. Next-generation sequencing technologies revolutionized the time-consuming process of identifying mutations that cause a phenotype interest. However, due cost such mapping-by-sequencing experiments, special attention should paid experimental design technical decisions so read data allows map desired mutation. Here,...

Biomass production requires the coordination between growth and metabolism. In a large-scale screen for mutants affected in leaf morphology, we isolated orbiculata1 (orb1) mutants, which exhibit pale green phenotype reduced growth. The combination of map-based cloning next-generation sequencing allowed us to establish that ORB1 encodes GLUTAMATE SYNTHASE 1 (GLU1) enzyme, also known as FERREDOXIN-DEPENDENT GLUTAMINE OXOGLUTARATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (Fd-GOGAT1). We performed an RNA-seq analysis...

Human Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) functions as a dNTPase to maintain dNTP pool balance. In eukaryotes, the limiting step in de novo biosynthesis is catalyzed by RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE (RNR). Arabidopsis, RNR1 subunit of RNR encoded CRINKLED LEAVES 8 (CLS8), RNR2 three paralogous genes, including TSO MEANING 'UGLY' IN CHINESE 2 (TSO2). plants, DIFFERENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF VASCULAR ASSOCIATED CELLS (DOV1) catalyzes first purines. Here,...

Cytokinesis in plant cells begins with the fusion of vesicles that transport cell wall materials to center division plane, where plate forms and expands radially until it fuses parental wall. Vesicle is facilitated by trans-SNARE complexes, assistance from Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins. The SNARE protein KNOLLE SM KEULE are required for membrane at plate. Due crucial function KEULE, all Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) keule mutants identified date seedling lethal. Here, we serrata4-1 (sea4-1)...

Zinc knuckle (ZCCHC) motif-containing proteins are present in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, most ZCCHC with known functions participate the metabolism of various classes RNA, such as mRNAs, ribosomal RNAs, microRNAs. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes 69 ZCCHC-containing proteins; however, remain unclear. One these proteins, CAX-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4 (CXIP4, encoded by AT2G28910), has been classified a PTHR31437 family member. This includes human Splicing...

ABSTRACT Cytokinesis in plant cells begins with the fusion of vesicles that transport cell wall materials at center division plane, where plate forms and expands radially until it fuses parental preprophase band. Vesicle is facilitated by trans -SNARE complexes, assistance from Sec1/Munc18 (SM) proteins. The SNARE protein KNOLLE SM KEULE are required for membrane plate. Due to crucial function KEULE, all Arabidopsis ( thaliana ) keule mutants identified date seedling lethal. Here, we...

SUMMARY The human deoxyribonucleoside triphosphatase (dNTPase) Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) has a dNTPase-independent role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). Here, we show that VENOSA4 (VEN4), the probable Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of SAMHD1, also functions DSB repair HR. ven4 loss-of-function mutants showed increased ploidy deregulated genes, suggesting damage accumulation. Hydroxyurea, which...

ABSTRACT Zinc knuckle (ZCCHC) motif-containing proteins are present in unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes most ZCCHC with known functions participate the metabolism of various classes RNA, such as mRNAs, ribosomal RNAs, microRNAs. The Arabidopsis ( thaliana ) genome encodes 69 ZCCHC-containing proteins, but remain unclear. One these is CAX-INTERACTING PROTEIN 4 (CXIP4), which has been classified a PTHR31437 family member, along human SREK1-interacting protein 1 (SREK1IP1), thought to...

ABSTRACT An imbalance in the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool caused by an increase or decrease levels of any four dNTPs leads to increased DNA mutations, overloading repair mechanisms. The human protein SAMHD1 (Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain containing 1) functions as a dNTPase maintain balance dNTP pool, well repair. In eukaryotes, limiting step de novo synthesis is catalyzed RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE (RNR), which consists two R1 R2 subunits. Arabidopsis,...

ABSTRACT All 81 ribosomal proteins (RPs) that form the Arabidopsis ( thaliana ) 80S ribosome are encoded by several paralogous genes. For example, nearly identical RPS24A and RPS24B , respectively. Here we explored functions of in Arabidopsis. Their encoding genes exhibit combined haploinsufficiency, as at least two wild-type copies either or required for plant viability three normal development. Loss-of-function gene caused a pointed-leaf phenotype, typical phenotype null hypomorphic...