Plants incorporate acquired carbon and nitrogen into amino acid metabolism, whereby the building blocks of proteins precursors various metabolites are produced. This fundamental demand requires tight metabolism to sustain physiological homeostasis. There is increasing evidence that undergoes plastic alteration orchestrate specific growth developmental events. Consequently, there has been a gradual exploration interface at which plant morphogenesis mutually affected. research progress offers...

Abstract Legumes control root nodule symbiosis (RNS) in response to environmental nitrogen availability. Despite the recent understanding of molecular basis external nitrate-mediated RNS, it remains mostly elusive how plants regulate physiological processes depending on internal status. In addition, iron (Fe) acts as an essential element that enables symbiotic fixation; however, mechanism Fe accumulation nodules is poorly understood. Here, we focus transcriptome status during RNS Lotus...

The way in which the number and size of cells an organ are determined poses a central challenge our understanding control. Compensation is unresolved phenomenon, whereby decrease cell proliferation below some threshold level triggers enhanced postmitotic expansion leaf primordia. It suggests interaction between these cellular processes during organogenesis provides clues relevant to regulation. Although much attention has been given compensation, it remains unclear how coordinated. Here, we...

Abstract Leaves are the most important, fundamental units of organogenesis in plants. Although basic form a leaf is clearly divided into blade and petiole, no study has yet revealed how these differentiated from primordium. We analyzed spatiotemporal pattern mitotic activity primordia Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) detail using molecular markers combination with clonal analysis. found that proliferative zone established after short interval following occurrence rod-shaped early...

Abstract Pyrophosphate (PPi) is produced by anabolic reactions and serves as an energy donor in the cytosol of plant cells; however, its accumulation to toxic levels disrupts several common biosynthetic pathways lethal. Before acquiring photosynthetic capacity, young seedlings must endure a short but critical heterotrophic period, during which they are nourished solely sugar from seed reserves process gluconeogenesis. Previously, we reported that excess PPi H + -PPase-knockout fugu5 mutants...

Abstract Leguminous plants provide carbon to symbiotic rhizobia in root nodules fuel the energy-consuming process of nitrogen fixation. The investment pattern from acquired sources is crucial for shaping growth regime host plants. autoregulation nodulation (AON) signaling pathway tightly regulates number that form. AON disruption leads excessive nodule formation and stunted shoot growth. However, physiological role adjusting unknown. Here, we show plays an important sustaining water...

The ANGUSTIFOLIA3 (AN3) gene encodes a transcriptional co-activator for cell proliferation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. We previously showed that Physcomitrium patens AN3 orthologs promote gametophore shoot formation through arginine metabolism. analyzed the role of to understand how seedling growth is regulated by metabolic and physiological modulations. first explored amino acids affect an3 mutants. Transcriptome metabolome analyses were conducted elucidate roles during growth. Lastly,...

Cell size distribution is highly reproducible, whereas the of individual cells often varies greatly within a tissue. This obvious in population Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermal cells, which ranged from 1,000 to 10,000 μm2 size. Endoreduplication specialized cell cycle nuclear genome (ploidy) doubled absence division. Although require endoreduplication enhance cellular expansion, issue whether this mechanism sufficient for explaining remains unclear due lack quantitative understanding...

Shoot formation is accompanied by active cell proliferation and expansion, requiring that metabolic state adapts to developmental control. Despite the importance of such reprogramming, it remains unclear how development metabolism are integrated. Here, we show disruption ANGUSTIFOLIA3 orthologs (PpAN3s) compromises gametophore shoot in moss Physcomitrium patens due defective expansion. Trans-omics analysis reveals downstream activity PpAN3 linked arginine metabolism. Elevating level chemical...

Leaves are determinate organs; hence, precise control of cell proliferation and post-mitotic expansion is essential for their growth. A defect in often triggers enhanced leaves. This phenomenon referred to as ‘compensation’. Several lines evidence from studies on compensation have shown that coordinately regulated during leaf development. Therefore, has attracted much attention the mechanisms However, our understanding at subcellular level remains limited because focused mainly...

Root segments from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Jiromaru) seedlings form embryogenic callus (EC) that responded to exogenous GA(3) by accumulating a 31-kDa glycoprotein [BP31 or S. ribosome-inactivating protein (EC 3.2.2.22) (SoRIP1)] in association with the expression of potential. Microsequencing this revealed significant similarity type 1 RIPs. We identified cDNAs for SoRIP1 and RIP2 (SoRIP2), novel RIP having consensus shiga/ricin toxic domain performed comparative analysis SoRIPs...

Abstract Cell-to-cell communication is tightly regulated in response to environmental stimuli plants. We previously used a photoconvertible fluorescent protein Dendra2 as model reporter study this process. This experiment revealed that macromolecular trafficking between protonemal cells Physcomitrella patens suppressed abscisic acid (ABA). However, it remains unknown which ABA signaling components contribute suppression and how. Here, we show SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING 1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE 2...

ABSTRACT Metabolism often plays an important role in developmental control, addition to supporting basal physiological requirements. However, our understanding of this interaction remains limited. Here, we performed quantitative phenome analysis Arabidopsis thaliana cytochrome P450 mutants identify a novel between development and metabolism. We found that cyp77a4 exhibit specific defects cotyledon development, including asymmetric positioning cup-shaped morphology, which could be rescued by...

Visualization of nuclei in S-phase cells tissues is important for not only cell cycle research but also developmental because morphogenesis usually achieved by a combination proliferation and expansion. Recently, DNA labeling with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), which an analog thymidine, has been used to visualize assess the activity during development plants. EdU efficiently incorporated into newly synthesized DNA, detection based on covalent reaction between Alexa Fluor® dye, one useful...

Abstract Leaves are formed by coordinated growth of tissue layers driven cell proliferation and expansion. Compensation, in which a defect induces compensated enlargement (CCE), plays an important role cell-size determination during leaf development. We previously reported that CCE triggered the an3 mutation is observed epidermal subepidermal Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leaves. Interestingly, induced non-cell autonomous manner between cells. However, whether subepidermis affects size...

Cells in clonally different lineages coordinate proliferation within a developing organ to ensure species-specific size and shape, signaling between cells generally plays pivotal role this process. In the field of developmental biology, examining molecular details dynamics remains challenge. Previous studies have suggested that shape leaf are determined through coordinated epidermal mesophyll cells, possibly inter-celllayer signaling. However, mechanism largely unexplored because, until...

SUMMARY The human deoxyribonucleoside triphosphatase (dNTPase) Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) has a dNTPase-independent role in repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). Here, we show that VENOSA4 (VEN4), the probable Arabidopsis thaliana ortholog of SAMHD1, also functions DSB repair HR. ven4 loss-of-function mutants showed increased ploidy deregulated genes, suggesting damage accumulation. Hydroxyurea, which...