In higher plants, the outermost cell layer (L1) of shoot apex gives rise to epidermis organs. Our previous study demonstrated that an 8-bp motif named L1 box functions as a cis-regulatory element for L1-specific gene expression in system Arabidopsis: We show here PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2), member HD-GL2 class homeobox genes, is expressed exclusively meristems and recombinant PDF2 protein specifically binds vitro. Although knockout mutants ATML1, another sharing highest homology with PDF2,...

Abstract The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains 16 genes belonging to the class IV homeodomain-Leucine zipper gene family. These include GLABRA2, ANTHOCYANINLESS2, FWA, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MERISTEM LAYER1 (ATML1), and PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2). Our previous study revealed that atml1 pdf2 double mutants have severe defects in shoot epidermal cell differentiation. Here, we characterized additional members of this family, which designated HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS1 (HDG1) through...

We have isolated a recessive mutation named diminuto (dim) from T-DNA transformed lines of Arabidopsis thaliana. Under normal growth conditions, the dim mutant has very short hypocotyls, petioles, stems, and roots because reduced size cells along longitudinal axes these organs. In addition, results in development open cotyledons primary leaves dark-grown seedlings. The gene for DIM was cloned by tagging. encodes novel protein 561 amino acids that possesses bipartite sequence domains...

Abstract The cellular polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are ubiquitous in nature have been implicated a wide range of growth developmental processes. There is little information, however, on mutant plants or animals defective the synthesis polyamines. Arabidopsis genome has two genes encoding spermidine synthase, SPDS1 SPDS2. In this paper, we describe T-DNA insertion mutants both these genes. While each allele shows normal growth, spds1-1 spds2-1 double-mutant seeds abnormally...

It is well known that changes in abiotic conditions such as the concentration of ions, temperature and humidity lead to modulation polyamine contents plants. However, little about relevant parts these polyamines play stress responses. Here we addressed a specific role spermine during high salt using an Arabidopsis double knockout‐mutant plant ( acl5/spms ) which cannot produce spermine. The mutant showed higher sensitivity than wild type This phenotype was cured by exogenous but not other...

Summary The Arabidopsis thaliana PROTODERMAL FACTOR1 ( PDF1 ) gene encoding a putative extracellular proline‐rich protein is exclusively expressed in the L1 layer of shoot apices and protoderm organ primordia. In order to identify essential cis ‐regulatory sequences required for layer‐specific expression, series 5′ deletions promoter were fused β‐ glucronidase GUS introduced into plants. Our analysis revealed that minimum region necessary confer L1‐specific expression confined within 260‐bp...

Loss-of-function mutants of the ACAULIS5 (ACL5) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana have severe defects stem elongation. ACL5 was previously reported as encoding a spermine synthase. A more recent study, however, showed that bacterial expressed recombinant protein catalyzes conversion spermidine to thermospermine, structural isomer spermine, rather than spermine. In present we found thermospermine detected wild-type seedlings but not detectable acl5-1 mutant. We further examined effect exogenous...

Loss-of-function mutants of the Arabidopsis thaliana ACAULIS 5 (ACL5) gene, which encodes spermine synthase, exhibit a severe dwarf phenotype. To elucidate ACL5-mediated regulatory pathways stem internode elongation, we isolated four suppressor acaulis (sac) that reverse acl5 Because these do not rescue dwarfism known phytohormone-related mutants, SAC genes appear to act specifically on ACL5 pathways. We identify gene responsible for dominant sac51-d mutant, almost completely suppresses...

Spermine is the final product of polyamine biosynthetic pathway and ubiquitously present in most organisms. The genome Arabidopsis thaliana has two genes encoding spermine synthase: ACAULIS5 ( ACL5 ), whose loss‐of‐function mutants show a severe defect stem elongation, SPMS . In order to elucidate function plants, we isolated T‐DNA insertion mutant gene. Free conjugated levels mutant, designated spms‐1 , were significantly decreased compared with those wild‐type, but no obvious morphological...

Abstract Leaves are the most important, fundamental units of organogenesis in plants. Although basic form a leaf is clearly divided into blade and petiole, no study has yet revealed how these differentiated from primordium. We analyzed spatiotemporal pattern mitotic activity primordia Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) detail using molecular markers combination with clonal analysis. found that proliferative zone established after short interval following occurrence rod-shaped early...

The epidermis of shoot organs in plants develops from the outermost layer (L1) apical meristem. In Arabidopsis, a pair homeobox genes, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MERISTEM LAYER1 (ATML1) and PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2), play role regulating expression L1-specific genes. atml1-1 pdf2-1 double mutants show striking defects differentiation epidermal cells. However, because have T-DNA inserted downstream respective sequences, these alleles may not represent null mutations. Here we characterized...

The differentiation of distinct cell types in appropriate patterns is a fundamental process the development multicellular organisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, protoderm/epidermis differentiates as single layer at outermost position. However, little known about molecular nature positional signals that achieve correct epidermal differentiation. Here, we propose very-long-chain fatty acid-containing ceramides (VLCFA-Cers) mediate by stimulating function ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MERISTEM LAYER1...

Abstract Thermospermine suppresses auxin-inducible xylem differentiation, whereas its structural isomer, spermine, is involved in stress responses angiosperms. The thermospermine synthase, ACAULIS5 (ACL5), conserved from algae to land plants, but physiological functions remain elusive non-vascular plants. Here, we focused on MpACL5, a gene the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, that rescued dwarf phenotype of acl5 mutant Arabidopsis. In Mpacl5 mutants generated by genome editing, severe growth...

The Arabidopsis genome contains four genes that encode proteins similar to both spermidine synthase and spermine of other organisms. Our previous study revealed one these genes, designated ACAULIS5 ( ACL5 ), encodes its null mutation results in a severe defect the elongation stem internodes. Here we report characterization three SPDS1 , SPDS2 SPDS3 . showed possess activity yeast synthase‐deficient mutants, but enzyme remained be determined. RNA gel blot analysis all are expressed plant...

Journal Article Analysis of Tissue-Specific Expression Arabidopsis thaliana HSP90-Family Gene HSP81 Get access Naoto Yabe, Yabe Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, The University TokyoHongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Taku Takahashi, Takahashi Yoshibumi Komeda 4 4For correspondence. Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 35, Issue 8, 1994, Pages 1207–1219, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078715 Published: 01...

Summary In Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, the mutation in ERECTA is known to confer a compact inflorescence by reduction lengths of internodes and pedicels. We analyzed expression pattern this gene during plant development. situ hybridization histochemical analysis using transgenic plants carrying chimeric fusions, with promoter fused β‐glucuronidase (GUS) gene, showed that was predominantly expressed shoot apical meristems organ primordia. meristem weak early development but increased...

Summary In rosette plants, the formation of initial flowers is closely linked to lengthening internodes (bolting). order clarify molecular basis bolting, mutants with reduced lengths were screened. This paper presents identification and characterization recessive mutations in ACAULIS5 ( ACL5 ), a gene required for internodal growth Arabidopsis thaliana . Unlike previously described size organs, acl5 mutant has severe defect that restricted process cell elongation after transition...

Receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are encoded by a divergent multigene family and their functions have been implicated in wide range of signal transduction pathways. In this study, we examined the effect salicylic acid (SA) on expression RLK genes Arabidopsis thaliana . RNA gel blot analysis revealed that transcripts RKC1 number its homologs, whose translation products contain C-X8-C-X2-C motifs putative extracellular domain, accumulated to higher level response SA treatment plants. The...

Myrosin cells in Capparales plants are idioblasts that accumulate thioglucoside glucohydrolase (TGG, also called myrosinase), which hydrolyzes glucosinolates to produce toxic compounds for repelling pests. Here, we show AtVAM3 is involved development of myrosin cells. It has been shown yeast VAM3 a Q(a)-SNARE vesicle transport vacuolar proteins and assembly. We found two Arabidopsis atvam3 alleles, atvam3-3 atvam3-4/ssm, large amounts TGG1 TGG2 enzymatically active. An immunogold analysis...

Disruption of the Arabidopsis thaliana ACAULIS5 (ACL5) gene, which has recently been shown to encode thermospermine synthase, results in a severe dwarf phenotype. A previous study showed that sac51-d, dominant suppressor mutant acl5-1, premature termination codon an upstream open reading frame (ORF) SAC51, encodes putative transcription factor, and suggested involvement ORF-mediated translational control ACL5-dependent stem elongation. Here we report identification gene responsible for...