Multicellular organs are composed of distinct cell types with unique assemblages translated mRNAs. Here, ribosome-associated mRNAs were immunopurified from specific populations intact seedlings using Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing a FLAG-epitope tagged ribosomal protein L18 (FLAG-RPL18) via developmentally regulated promoters. The profiling in ribosome complexes, referred to as the translatome, identified differentially expressed 21 defined by cell-specific expression FLAG-RPL18....

High-throughput technology has facilitated genome-scale analyses of transcriptomic adjustments in response to environmental perturbations with an oxygen deprivation component, such as transient hypoxia or anoxia, root waterlogging, complete submergence. We showed previously that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings elevate the levels hundreds transcripts, including a core group 49 genes are prioritized for translation across cell types both shoots and roots. To recognize low-oxygen...

The response of Arabidopsis thaliana to low-oxygen stress (hypoxia), such as during shoot submergence or root waterlogging, includes increasing the levels ∼50 hypoxia-responsive gene transcripts, many which encode enzymes associated with anaerobic metabolism. Upregulation over half these mRNAs involves stabilization five group VII ethylene factor (ERF-VII) transcription factors, are routinely degraded via N-end rule pathway proteolysis in an oxygen- and nitric oxide-dependent manner. Despite...

• A detailed description of the molecular response Arabidopsis thaliana to submergence can aid identification genes that are critical flooding survival. Rosette-stage plants were fully submerged in complete darkness and shoot root tissue was harvested separately after O2 partial pressure petiole had stabilized at c. 6 0.1 kPa, respectively. As controls, untreated or exposed darkness. Following quantitative profiling cellular mRNAs with Affymetrix ATH1 platform, changes transcriptome...

Cytokinin deficiency causes pleiotropic developmental changes such as reduced shoot and increased root growth. It was investigated whether cytokinin-deficient tobacco plants, which overproduce different cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase enzymes, show in sink source parameters, could be causally related to the establishment of syndrome. Ultrastructural analysis revealed distinct differentiating tissues, including an vacuolation earlier differentiation plastids, showed partially disorganized...

Global climate change has increased flooding events, which affect both natural vegetation dynamics and crop productivity. The flooded environment is lethal for most plant species because it restricts gas exchange induces an energy carbon crisis. Flooding survival strategies have been studied in Oryza sativa, a cultivated monocot. However, our understanding of adaptation to flood-prone environments remains scant, even though wild plants represent valuable resource tolerance mechanisms that...

Abstract Oxygen deficiency, caused by flooding of all or a portion plant, leads to significant gene regulatory and metabolic responses associated with survival. When oxygen‐deprived in light, aerial organs root systems respond distinct manners because their respective autotrophy heterotrophy, as well intrinsic differences cell biology organ function. To better understand organ‐specific oxygen we monitored changes the metabolome roots shoots A rabidopsis thaliana seedlings using gas...

Climate change has increased the frequency and severity of flooding events, with significant negative impact on agricultural productivity. These events often submerge plant aerial organs roots, limiting growth survival due to a severe reduction in light reactions gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis respiration, respectively. To distinguish molecular responses compound stress imposed by submergence, we investigated transcriptomic adjustments darkness air under submerged conditions using...

A major problem of climate change is the increasing duration and frequency heavy rainfall events. This leads to soil flooding that negatively affects plant growth, eventually leading death plants if persists for several days. Most crop are very sensitive flooding, dramatic yield losses occur due each year. review summarizes recent progress approaches enhance resistance flooding. experiments have been done on maize, barley, soybean. Work other crops such as wheat rape has only started. The...

The study investigates the reactions of rice, wheat and maize to anoxia (plants without access oxygen) hypoxia (roots with very limited oxygen). We studied adaptations these intact crop plants because they are known differ widely in their tolerance oxygen deficiency. In hypoxia, there was an accumulation sugars, especially maize, although both flood-sensitive species significantly increased activities fermentative glycolytic enzymes, clearly more than rice. avoiding limitation due effective...

Like all aerobic organisms, plants require molecular oxygen for respiratory energy production. In plants, hypoxic conditions can occur during natural events (e.g., flooding), developmental processes seed germination), and in cells of compact tissues with high metabolic rates. Plant acclimation responses to hypoxia involve a modulation gene expression leading various biochemical, physiological, morphological changes that stave off eventual anoxia. contrast the animal kingdom, direct...

Complete submergence represses photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, causing rapid mortality in most terrestrial plants. However, some plants have evolved traits allowing them to survive prolonged flooding, such as species of the genus Rorippa, close relatives Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We studied plant survival, changes carbohydrate metabolite concentrations, transcriptome responses two species, Rorippa sylvestris amphibia. exploited relationship between model by using GeneChip...

Plants possess two types of phosphofructokinase proteins for phosphorylation fructose-6-phosphate, the ATP-dependent (PFK) and pyrophosphate-(PPi) dependent pyrophosphate-fructose-6-phosphate-phosphotransferase (PFP). During oxygen deficiency ATP levels in rice seedlings are severely reduced, it is hypothesized that PPi used as an alternative energy source fructose-6-phosphate during glycolysis. In this study, we analyzed expression 15 phosphofructokinase-encoding genes roots aerial tissues...

Abstract Plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses are often very specific, but signal transduction pathways can partially or completely overlap. Here, we demonstrate that in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the transcriptional phosphate starvation oxygen deficiency stress comprise a set of commonly induced genes. While response is systemic, under deficiency, most genes found only illuminated shoots. This jointly two control transcription factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1),...

Plants possess two different types of phosphofructokinases, an ATP-dependent (PFK) and a pyrophosphate-dependent form (PFP). While plant PFPs have been investigated in detail, cDNA clones coding for PFK not identified Arabidopsis thaliana. Searching the A. thaliana genome revealed 11 putative members phosphofructokinase gene family. Among those, four sequences showed high homology to alpha- or beta-subunits PFPs. Seven cDNAs resulted elevated PFK, but PFP activity after transient expression...

Abstract Plants respond to reductions in internal oxygen concentrations with adaptive mechanisms (for example, modifications of metabolism cope reduced supply ATP). These responses are, at the transcriptional level, mediated by group VII Ethylene Response Factor transcription factors, which have stability that is regulated N-end rule pathway protein degradation. mutants are characterized a constitutive expression hypoxia response genes and abscisic acid hypersensitivity. Here, we identify...

The molecular mechanisms controlling underwater elongation are based extensively on studies internode in the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) and petiole Rumex rosette species. Here, we characterize growth dicot Nasturtium officinale (watercress), a wild species of Brassicaceae family, which submergence enhances stem suppresses growth. We used genome-wide transcriptome analysis to identify underlying observed antithetical responses. Though caused substantial reconfiguration transcriptome, only...

AtERF#111/ABR1 belongs to the group X of ERF/AP2 transcription factor family (GXERFs) and is shoot specifically induced under submergence hypoxia. It was described be an ABA-response repressor, but our data reveal a completely different function. Surprisingly, AtERF#111 expression strongly responsive wounding stress. Expression profiling ERF#111-overexpressing (OE) plants, which show morphological phenotypes like increased root hair length number, strengthens hypothesis being involved in...

Flooding events are highly detrimental to most terrestrial plant species. However, there is an impressive diversity of species that thrive in flood-prone regions and represent a treasure trove unexplored flood-resilience mechanisms. Here we surveyed panel four from the Cardamineae tribe representing broad tolerance range. This included flood-tolerant Cardamine pratensis, Rorippa sylvestris palustris flood-sensitive hirsuta. All displayed quiescent strategy, evidenced by repression shoot...

In terms of gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism, the response wheat seedlings to hypoxia is dramatically different from anoxic response. Total content roots increased 4-fold during 6 days hypoxia, with a 17-fold increase in fructans. contrast, anoxically treated depleted all soluble carbohydrates died within 72 h. Gas exchange measurements (CO(2) release vs. O(2) uptake) demonstrate that establishes new balance between fermentation aerobic respiration without altering flux carbon...

The aim of this study was to investigate the importance pyrophosphate (PPi) for plant metabolism and survival under low oxygen stress. Responses roots wild-type potato plants were compared with transgenic containing decreased amounts PPi as a result constitutive expression Escherichia coli pyrophosphatase in cytosol.