Biofilms are dynamic microbial communities in which transitions between planktonic and sessile modes of growth occur interchangeably response to different environmental cues. In the last decade, early events associated with C. albicans biofilm formation have received considerable attention. However, very little is known about dispersion or mechanisms signals that trigger it. This important because it precisely cells dispersed from biofilms main culprits candidemia establishment disseminated...

Eukaryotic organisms contain a multiprotein complex that includes Rpd3 histone deacetylase and the Sin3 corepressor. The Sin3-Rpd3 is recruited to promoters by specific DNA-binding proteins, whereupon it represses transcription. By directly analyzing chromatin structure of repressed promoter in yeast cells, we demonstrate transcriptional repression associated with localized deacetylation. Specifically, observe decreased acetylation histones H3 H4 (preferentially lysines 5 12) depends on...

Candida albicans, the major human fungal pathogen, undergoes a reversible morphological transition from blastospores (round budding cells) to filaments (elongated cells attached end-to-end). This transition, which is induced upon exposure of C. albicans number host conditions, including serum and body temperature (37 degrees C), required for virulence. Using whole-genome DNA microarray analysis, we describe 61 genes that are significantly (> or =2-fold) during blastospore filament takes...

David Kadosh and Kevin Struhl Department of Biological Chemistry Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 USA

The specific ability of the major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, as well many other pathogenic fungi, to extend initial short filaments (germ tubes) into elongated hyphal is important for a variety virulence-related processes. However, molecular mechanisms that control extension have remained poorly understood years. We report identification novel C. albicans transcriptional regulator, UME6, which induced in response multiple host environmental cues and specifically extension....

Candida albicans, the major human fungal pathogen, undergoes a reversible morphological transition from single yeast cells to pseudohyphal and hyphal filaments (elongated attached end-to-end). Because typical C. albicans infections contain mixture of these morphologies it has, for many years, been difficult assess relative contribution each form virulence. In addition, regulatory mechanisms that determine growth in are largely unknown. To address questions we have generated strain can be...

What explains the origin, emergence, and persistence of Candida auris?Candida auris is a major emerging human fungal pathogen that was first reported in 2009 as an isolate from ear canal patient Japan [1].Since this initial report, C. has grown to represent "serious threat" healthcare settings, indicated by United States Centers for Disease Control (CDC) now on World Health Organization (WHO) priority list, described "most wanted" critical [2,3].However, many questions remain about spread,...

Candida albicans, the major fungal pathogen in humans, can undergo a reversible transition from ellipsoidal single cells (blastospores) to filaments composed of elongated attached end end.This is thought allow for rapid colonization host tissues, facilitating spread infection.Here, we report identification Rfg1, transcriptional regulator that controls filamentous growth C. albicans an environment-dependent manner.Rfg1 important virulence mouse model and shown control number genes have been...

ABSTRACT Biofilm formation is associated with the ability of Candida albicans , major human fungal pathogen, to resist antifungal therapies and grow on tissues, catheters, medical devices. In order better understand relationship between C. morphology biofilm formation, we examined biofilms generated in response expression UME6 a key filament-specific transcriptional regulator. As levels rise, cells are known transition from yeast hyphae, also observed corresponding increase level vitro ....

The ability of Candida albicans to cause disease is associated with its capacity undergo morphological transition between yeast and filamentous forms, but the role morphology in colonization dissemination from gastrointestinal (GI) tract remains poorly defined.To explore this, we made use wild-type mutants C. an established model GI colonization, induced following antibiotic treatment mice.Our data reveal that favours form albicans, there constitutive low level systemic colonized mice occurs...

The ability of Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen, to transition from yeast hyphae is essential for pathogenicity. While a variety transcription factors important filamentation have been identified and characterized, links between transcriptional regulators C. albicans morphogenesis molecular mechanisms that drive hyphal growth are not well defined. We previously observed constitutive expression UME6, which encodes filament-specific regulator, sufficient direct in...

ABSTRACT Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, can form biofilms on variety of inert and biological surfaces. C. albicans allow for immune evasion, are highly resistant to antifungal therapies, represent significant complication wide immunocompromised patients in clinical settings. While transcriptional regulators global profiles biofilm formation have been well-characterized, much less is known about translational regulation this important virulence property. Here, using ribosome...

ABSTRACT Morphological transitions play an important role in virulence and virulence-related processes a wide variety of pathogenic fungi, including the most commonly isolated human fungal pathogen Candida albicans . While environmental signals, transcriptional regulators, target genes associated with C. morphogenesis are well-characterized, considerably little is known about morphological regulatory mechanisms extent to which they evolutionarily conserved less filamentous non- species...

Candida albicans, the most common cause of human fungal infections, undergoes a reversible morphological transition from yeast to pseudohyphal and hyphal filaments, which is required for virulence. For many years, relationship among global gene expression patterns associated with determination specific C. albicans morphologies has remained obscure. Using strain that can be genetically manipulated sequentially pseudohyphae hyphae in absence complex environmental cues upstream signaling...

While virulence properties of Candida albicans, the most commonly isolated human fungal pathogen, are controlled by transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, considerably little is known about role post-transcriptional, particularly translational, mechanisms. We demonstrate that UME6, a key filament-specific regulator whose expression level sufficient to determine C. albicans morphology promote virulence, has one longest 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) identified in fungi date, which...

Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated human fungal pathogen and can cause a range of mucosal systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Morphogenesis, ability to undergo reversible transition from budding yeast elongated filaments, an essential virulence trait. The yeast-to-filament associated with expression genes specifically important for filamentation as well other virulence-related processes, controlled, part, by key transcriptional regulators Nrg1 Ume6. Both these...

Many immunocompromised individuals, including HIV/AIDS and cancer patients, are susceptible to candidiasis. About half of all cases caused by the major fungal pathogen Candida albicans , whereas remainder due less pathogenic non- species (NACS). Generation filamentous cells represents a virulence property C. NACS believed be pathogenic, in part, because they do not filament as well does. To address this question, we determined pathogenicity two strains that have been genetically engineered...