A5067224344- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Particle Detector Development and Performance
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques
- Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Pulsed Power Technology Applications
- Radiation Effects in Electronics
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics
- Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics
- Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials
- Vacuum and Plasma Arcs
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati
2024-2025
European Organization for Nuclear Research
2018-2024
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
2024
Campbell Collaboration
2020-2023
Max Planck Institute for Physics
2020-2023
Technical University of Munich
2020-2022
University of Milan
2018-2019
Google (United States)
2019
High energy particle accelerators have been crucial in providing a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and the forces that govern their interactions. In order to increase or reduce size accelerator, new acceleration schemes need be developed. Plasma wakefield acceleration, which electrons plasma are excited, leading strong electric fields, is one such promising novel technique. Pioneering experiments shown an intense laser pulse electron bunch traversing plasma, drives fields 10s...
We show in experiments that a long, underdense, relativistic proton bunch propagating plasma undergoes the oblique instability, which we observe as filamentation. determine threshold value for ratio between transverse size and skin depth instability to occur. At threshold, outcome of experiment alternates filamentation self-modulation (evidenced by longitudinal modulation into microbunches). Time-resolved images density distribution reveal grows an observable level late along bunch,...
Plasma wakefield acceleration is a promising technology to reduce the size of particle accelerators. The use high energy protons drive wakefields in plasma has been demonstrated during Run 1 AWAKE programme at CERN. Protons 400 GeV drove that accelerated electrons 2 under 10 m plasma. collaboration now embarking on with main aims demonstrate stable accelerating gradients 0.5–1 GV/m, preserve emittance electron bunches and develop sources scalable 100s metres beyond. By end 2, scheme should...
Experimental results show that hosing of a long particle bunch in plasma can be induced by wakefields driven short, misaligned preceding bunch. Hosing develops the plane misalignment, self-modulation perpendicular plane, at frequencies close to electron frequency, and are reproducible. Development depends on misalignment direction, its growth extent proton charge. Results have main characteristics theoretical model, relevant other plasma-based accelerators represent first characterization...
We describe the generation of plasma filaments for application in plasma-based particle accelerators. The complete characterization a filament generated by low-energy self-guided femtosecond laser pulse is studied experimentally and theoretically low-pressure nitrogen gas environment. For this purpose, we adopted spectroscopic methodology to measure density electron temperature. In addition this, also employed side-imaging technique retrieve column sizes (length diameter). measurements show...
<title>Abstract</title> Resonances play a crucial role in media sustaining oscillatory phenomena, such as plasmas. Normally, the frequency of external forces delivering energy is chosen to be out tune with respect natural plasma electron frequency, so avoid resonances leading development deleterious instabilities. However, context wakefield acceleration, can exploited generate large-amplitude wakefields, using train relativistic particle bunches content close accelerate trailing bunch. We...
This document outlines a community-driven Design Study for 10 TeV pCM Wakefield Accelerator Collider. The 2020 ESPP Report emphasized the need Advanced R\&D, and 2023 P5 calls ``delivery of an end-to-end design concept, including cost scales, with self-consistent parameters throughout." leverages recent experimental theoretical progress resulting from global R\&D program in order to deliver unified, Collider concept. Accelerators provide ultra-high accelerating gradients which enables...
We show experimentally that an effect of motion ions, observed in a plasma-based accelerator, depends inversely on the plasma ion mass. The appears within single wakefield event and manifests itself as bunch tail, occurring only when sufficient ions suppresses wakefields. Wakefields are driven resonantly by multiple bunches, simulation results indicate ponderomotive force causes ions. In this case, is also expected to depend amplitude wakefields, confirmed through variations drive charge....
A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton can be seeded by wakefields driven preceding electron bunch. timing reproducibility and control are at level small fraction modulation period. With this seeding method, we independently amplitude seed with charge growth rate Seeding leads larger than instability case.
We use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of long proton bunch in plasma. show experimentally that, with sufficient amplitude [$\ensuremath{\ge}(4.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$], phase modulation along is reproducible from event event, 3%--7% (of $2\ensuremath{\pi}$) rms variations all bunch. The not lower amplitudes. observe transition between these two regimes. Phase...
The space-charge field of a relativistic charged bunch propagating in plasma is screened due to the presence mobile charge carriers. We experimentally investigate such screening by measuring effect dielectric wakefields driven uncoated capillary where confined. show that screens and therefore suppresses when distance between surface much larger than skin depth. Before full reached, effects are present simultaneously.
We present a new approach that demonstrates the deflection and guiding of relativistic electron beams over curved paths by means magnetic field generated in plasma-discharge capillary. experimentally prove is much less affected beam chromatic dispersion with respect to conventional bending magnet and, support numerical simulations, we show it can even be made dispersionless employing larger discharge currents. This proof-of-principle experiment extends use plasma-based devices,...
We study experimentally the longitudinal and transverse wakefields driven by a highly relativistic proton bunch during self-modulation in plasma. show that wakefields' growth amplitude increase with increasing seed as well charge using maximum radius of distribution measured on screen downstream from externally injecting electrons measuring their final energy. Measurements agree trends predicted theory numerical simulations validate our understanding development self-modulation. Experiments...
Self-modulation is a beam–plasma instability that useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing ratio between initial transverse size of bunch and depth, occurs later along bunch, or not at all, over fixed length because amplitude decreases. show cases for which self-modulation does develop, we introduce simple model discussing conditions it would occur after any length. Changing...
Plasma wakefield acceleration represented a breakthrough in the field of particle accelerators by pushing beams to gigaelectronvolt energies within centimeter distances. The large electric fields excited driver pulse plasma can efficiently accelerate trailing witness bunch paving way toward realization laboratory-scale applications like free-electron lasers. However, while accelerator size is tremendously reduced, upstream and downstream it are still handled with conventional magnetic optics...
In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during first Run of Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal AWAKE 1 (2013 - 2018) was to demonstrate that \unit[10-20]{MeV} electrons can be accelerated GeV-energies in a plasma wakefield driven by highly-relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe experiment, outline measurement concept and present results. Last, our plans future.
Abstract In 2017, AWAKE demonstrated the seeded self-modulation (SSM) of a 400 GeV proton beam from Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN. The angular distribution protons deflected due to SSM is quantitative measure process, which agrees with simulations by two-dimensional (axisymmetric) particle-in-cell code LCODE about 5%. agreement achieved in population scans two selected plasma densities and scan longitudinal density gradient. reached only case wide enough simulation box (several...
We study experimentally the effect of linear plasma density gradients on self-modulation a 400\,GeV proton bunch. Results show that positive/negative gradient in/decreases number micro-bunches and relative charge per micro-bunch observed after 10\,m plasma. The measured modulation frequency also in/decreases. With largest positive we observe two frequencies in power spectrum. are consistent with changes wakefields' phase velocity due to adding slow during growth predicted by theory.
We study the propagation of 0.05-1 TW power, ultrafast laser pulses in a 10 meter long rubidium vapor cell. The central wavelength is resonant with $D_2$ line and peak intensity $10^{12}-10^{14} ~W/cm^2$ range, enough to create plasma channel single electron ionization. observe absorption pulse for low energy, regime transverse confinement beam by strong nonlinearity higher energies broadening output when saturated due full medium compare experimental observations transmitted energy fluence...
Abstract The Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE) at CERN is the first plasma wakefield accelerator experiment to use a proton bunch as driver. long undergoes seeded self-modulation (SSM) in 10 m-long plasma. SSM transforms into train of short micro-bunches that resonantly drive high-amplitude wakefields. We optical transition radiation (OTR) and streak camera obtain time-resolved images transverse charge density distribution given plane. In this paper we present method 3D by scanning OTR...
We summarize and explain the realization of witness particle injection into wakefields for Advanced WAKefield Experiment (AWAKE). In AWAKE, plasma are driven by a self-modulating relativistic proton bunch. To demonstrate that these wake-fields can accelerate charged particles, we inject 10-20 MeV electron bunch produced photo-injector. experimental challenges this process present our plans near future.
Abstract We describe an external electron injection scheme for the AWAKE experiment. use scattering in two foils, that are necessary as vacuum window and laser beam dump, to decrease betatron function of incoming matching into plasma wakefields driven by a self-modulated proton bunch. show that, total aluminum foil thickness ~ 280 μm, multiple Coulomb increases emittance factor 10 decreases 3. The accelerator is created ionizing pulse, counter-propagating with respect beam. This allows bunch...
Plasma wakefield dynamics over timescales up to 800 ps, approximately 100 plasma periods, are studied experimentally at the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). The development of longitudinal amplitude driven by a self-modulated proton bunch is measured using external injection witness electrons that sample fields. In simulation, resonant excitation causes electron trajectory crossing, resulting in potential outside boundary as transversely ejected. Trends consistent with presence this...
We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation a long proton bunch in plasma with linear density gradients along beam path. Simulation agree reported [F. Braunmller, T. Nechaeva et al. (AWAKE Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 264801 (2020)]: negative gradients, charge modulated is lower than positive gradients. In addition, modulation frequency varies gradient. show that dephasing wakefields respect to relativistic protons main cause for loss charge. The...
We describe a novel reconstruction algorithm for time-resolved images obtained using streak camera. This operates by decomposing recorded image into set of individual photoelectron-induced signals, thereby providing powerful method camera reconstruction. deconstruction allows standard statistical analysis the resulting image. demonstrate effectiveness this technique analyzing temporal spacing between emitted fs-long laser pulse and its succeeding first, second, third reflections within thick...