A5018892677- Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Sodium Intake and Health
- Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Vasculitis and related conditions
- Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
University of Cambridge
2014-2024
AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
2024
Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2011-2021
Addenbrooke's Hospital
2008-2020
Cardiff University
2005-2018
Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust
2018
University of Nottingham
2017
William Harvey Research Institute
2011-2017
MRC Human Nutrition Research
2017
Queen Mary University of London
2017
Arterial stiffness is an independent determinant of cardiovascular risk, and arterial stiffening the predominant abnormality in systolic hypertension. Elastin main elastic component wall can be degraded by a number enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) MMP-2. We hypothesized that elastase activity would related to tested this using isolated hypertension (ISH) as model separately large cohort healthy individuals.A total 116 subjects with ISH 114 matched controls, well 447...
Background— Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, which not explained by traditional risk factors but may be due in part to aortic stiffness, an independent predictor of mortality. In the present study, our aim was establish whether stiffness RA and investigate relationship between inflammation stiffness. addition, we tested hypothesis that could reduced anti–tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy. Methods Results— Aortic pulse-wave velocity (PWV),...
Isolated systolic hypertension is a common condition in individuals aged older than 60 years. However, isolated has also been described young individuals, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesized that adults, and essential have different hemodynamic aim of this study was to test hypothesis cohort subjects from The ENIGMA Study. Peripheral central blood pressure, aortic pulse wave velocity, cardiac output, stroke volume, peripheral vascular resistance were determined...
Isolated systolic hypertension is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. It thought to result from large artery stiffening, which determined by structural components within the vasculature but also functional factors including NO and endothelin-1. We hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction would account for arterial stiffness in patients isolated hypertension. The aim of this study was investigate relationship between function these along control subjects. studied 113 subjects: 35...
Arterial stiffening is an independent predictor of mortality and underlies the development isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). A number factors regulate stiffness, but arterial calcification also likely to be important. We tested hypotheses that aortic associated with stiffness in healthy individuals patients ISH exhibit exaggerated compared controls. total 193 healthy, medication-free subjects (mean age±SD: 66±8 years) were recruited from community, together 15 resistant ISH. Aortic pulse...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory condition associated with increased cardiovascular risk. This not fully explained by traditional risk factors, but direct vascular inflammation and aortic stiffening may play role. We hypothesized that patients RA exhibit inflammation, which can be reversed anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy correlates stiffness reduction.Aortic was quantified in 17 RA, before after 8 weeks of using (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography...
Attainment of safe GH and IGF-1 levels is a central goal acromegaly management.
Aims The mechanisms by which a 'Mediterranean diet' reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden remain poorly understood. Lycopene is potent antioxidant found in such diets with evidence suggesting beneficial effects. We wished to investigate the effects of lycopene on vasculature CVD patients and separately, healthy volunteers (HV). Methods Results randomised 36 statin treated 2∶1 treatment allocation ratio either 7 mg or placebo daily for 2 months double-blind trial. Forearm responses...
Background— Arterial stiffness is an important determinant of cardiovascular risk. Elastin the main elastic component arterial wall and can be degraded by a number enzymes including serine proteases matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Serum MMP-9 levels correlate with predict Polymorphisms in gene are also associated large artery function subjects coronary disease. Therefore, we investigated influence known (−1562C>T, R279Q) polymorphisms on cohort healthy individuals (n=865). Methods...
Ageing exerts differential effects on arterial stiffness and wave reflections. However, the impact of cardiovascular risk factors reflections and, particularly, how such are influenced by ageing has not been assessed within a single large population, covering sufficiently wide age range. Therefore, we determined extent to which alters traditional Aortic were in 4421 individuals (age range 18 92 years). When treated as continuous variables, clinic systolic, diastolic, pulse pressures glucose...
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein reduces endothelial nitric oxide production (an important mediator of vasoregulation) and activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a vascular inflammation. Animal models stress have previously predicted improvements in function after MAPK inhibition. We hypothesized that selective p38α/β inhibitor (losmapimod; GW856553) would improve compromised oxide-mediated vasoregulation patients with hypercholesterolemia.Untreated hypercholesterolemic...
High dietary sodium intake triggers increased blood pressure (BP). Animal studies show that salt loading results in dermal Na+ accumulation and lymphangiogenesis mediated by VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor C), both attenuating the rise BP. Our objective was to determine whether these mechanisms function humans. We assessed skin electrolytes, BP, plasma 48 healthy participants randomized placebo (70 mmol sodium/d) slow (200 mmol/d) for 7 days. Skin K+ concentrations were measured...
Nitrates are used widely in clinical practice. However, the mechanism underlying bioactivation of nitrates to release NO remains unclear. Recent animal data suggest that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) plays a central role nitrate bioactivation, but its humans is not known. We investigated ALDH2 vascular effects nitroglycerin (NTG) vivo.Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses intra-arterial infusions NTG, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and verapamil were measured 12 healthy volunteers...
The autonomic nervous system is important in regulating blood pressure, but whether it regulates aortic stiffness more contentious. We conducted 3 studies young, healthy individuals to address this question. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study of 347 subjects with detailed measurements hemodynamics and heart rate variability. In 2, 9 were given bolus intravenous nicotinic ganglion blocker, pentolinium, or saline random order variability assessed before after. 3, changes during stimulation...
Regular exercise is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk, but the precise mechanisms responsible are unknown. The aim of current study was to examine relationship between regular exercise, aortic stiffness, and wave reflections, determine whether this differs by age. Younger (<30 years) older (>50 individuals, who were either sedentary or undertook aerobic drawn from Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial population. This yielded 1,036 all whom nonsmokers, free disease medication....
Blood pressure (BP) in young adults predicts BP later life. We aimed to identify metabolic, hemodynamic, and autonomic characteristics associated with raised whether these differ between males females. Three thousand one hundred forty-five healthy subjects, aged 18 40 years, were grouped according sex category following the recent reclassification of as part American Heart Association/American College Cardiology 2017 guidelines. All individuals undertook a lifestyle medical history...
Accumulating evidence suggests that low birth weight is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. However, the relationship between weight, blood pressure, arterial stiffness and wave reflections as putative mechanisms controversial.Data from 882 participants (mean age 21 years) were analysed. Participants underwent a detailed physiological assessment, including anthropometric measurement, aortic pulse velocity, augmentation index (AIx) cardiac output (CO). Analyses conducted in men...