Summary AtHKT1 is a sodium (Na + ) transporter that functions in mediating tolerance to salt stress. To investigate the membrane targeting of and its expression at translational level, antibodies were generated against peptides corresponding first pore AtHKT1. Immunoelectron microscopy studies using anti‐AtHKT1 demonstrate targeted plasma xylem parenchyma cells leaves. was also confirmed by promoter–GUS reporter gene analyses. Interestingly, disruption alleles caused large increases Na...

Stress conditions lead to a variety of physiological responses at the cellular level. Autophagy is an essential process used by animal, plant, and fungal cells that allows for both recycling macromolecular constituents under nutrient limitation remodeling intracellular structure cell differentiation. To elucidate molecular basis autophagic protein transport vacuole/lysosome, we have undertaken morphological biochemical analysis this pathway in yeast. Using vacuolar hydrolase aminopeptidase I...

The contractile ring, which is required for cytokinesis in animal and yeast cells, consists mainly of actin filaments. Here, we investigate the directionality filaments fission using myosin S1 decoration electron microscopy. ring composed around 1,000 to 2,000 each 0.6 mum length. During early stages cytokinesis, two semicircular populations parallel opposite directionality. At later stages, before contraction, show mixed We consider that initially assembled from a single site division plane...

Journal Article Catalase Activities of Hydrocarbon-utilizing Candida Yeasts Get access Yutaka Teranishi, Teranishi Laboratory Industrial Biochemistry, Department Chemistry, Faculty Engineering, Kyoto University, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Atsuo Tanaka, Tanaka Masako Osumi, Osumi Biology, Japan Women's Tokyo Saburo Fukui To whom correspondence should be addressed. Agricultural and Biological Volume 38, Issue 6, 1 June 1974, Pages 1213–1220,...

Summary Yeast cell walls are critical for maintaining integrity, particularly in the face of challenges such as growth mammalian hosts. The pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans additionally anchors its polysaccharide capsule to surface via α(1‐3) glucan wall. Cryptococcal cells disrupted their alpha synthase gene were sensitive stresses, including temperature, and showed difficulty dividing. These lacked capsule, although they continued shed material into environment. Electron...

The formation of a functional spindle requires microtubule (MT) nucleation from within the spindle, which depends on augmin. How augmin contributes to MT and organization is not known because augmin-dependent MTs have never been specifically visualized. In this paper, we identify their connections other by electron tomography 3D modeling. metaphase spindles human cells, minus ends were located both around centriole in body spindle. When was knocked down, latter population significantly...

We have engineered the cell surface of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by anchoring active glucoamylase protein on wall, and we endowed cells with ability to utilize starch directly as sole carbon source. The gene encoding Rhizopus oryzae its secretion signal peptide was fused C-terminal half (320 amino acid residues from C terminus) alpha-agglutinin, a involved in mating covalently anchored wall. constructed plasmid containing this fusion introduced into S. expressed under control...

Abstract The chemical composition of the cell wall Sz. pombe is known as β‐1,3‐glucan, β‐1,6‐glucan, α‐1,3‐glucan and α‐galactomannan; however, three‐dimensional interactions those macromolecules have not yet been clarified. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a three‐layered structure: outer layer electron‐dense, adjacent less dense, third bordering membrane dense. In intact cells , high‐resolution scanning microscope surface completely filled with α‐galactomannan particles. To better...

Under starvation conditions, the yeast S. cerevisiae sequesters its owncytoplasmic components by forming autophagosomes with double membrane in cytoplasm. The autophagosome then fuses vacuolar membraneand delivers componentsinto vacuole form of an autophagic body a single (Baba, M., Takeshige, K., Baba, N., and Ohsumi, Y. 1994. J. Cell. Biol., 124: 903-913). Weexamined structures involved autophagy induced nitrogen-starvation using freeze-replica method. most conspicuous characteristic is...

Methods of rapidly extracting chromosomal DNA from human pathogenic yeasts were used in mitochondrial (mtDNA) studies. This paper is concerned with rapid and reliable methods mtDNA for sequence analysis species or strain identification, epidemiological study medically important fungi fungal infections. To determine the optimal method extraction without isolating mitochondria, we examined three commonly methods: 1). boiling, 2). glass bead disruption, 3). a commercially available kit. We...

Profuse appearance of microbodies was observed in the cells methanol-utilizing yeasts connection with enhanced catalase activity. These were isolated successfully by means sucrose gradient centrifugation from methanol-grown Kloeckera sp. no. 2201. Localization a flavin-dependent alcohol oxidase as well characteristic microbody enzymes (catalase and D-amino acid oxidase) ascertained microbodies, whereas formaldehyde formate dehydrogenases detected cytoplasmic region. also demonstrated...

Summary Cytokinesis is a crucial event in the cell cycle of all living cells. In fungal cells, it requires co‐ordinated contraction an actomyosin ring and synthesis both plasmatic membrane septum structure that will constitute new wall end. Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains four essential putative (1,3)β‐ d ‐glucan synthase catalytic subunits, Bgs1p to Bgs4p. Here we examined function septation by studying lethal phenotypes bgs1 + shut‐off Δ cells demonstrated responsible for linear primary...

Fungal cytokinesis requires the assembly of a dividing septum wall. In yeast, has to be selectively digested during critical cell separation process. Fission yeast wall α(1-3)glucan is essential, but nothing known about its localization and function in or cooperation between α- β(1-3)glucan synthases Ags1 Bgs for assembly. Here, we generate physiological Ags1-GFP variant demonstrate tight colocalization with Bgs1, suggesting important early steps construction. Moreover, define essential...

Microautophagy is a versatile process in which vacuolar or lysosomal membranes directly sequester cytosolic targets for degradation. Recent genetic evidence suggested that microautophagy uses molecular machineries essential macroautophagy, but the details of this are still unknown. In study, ubiquitin-like protein Paz2 micropexophagy yeast Pichia pastoris has been shown to receive modification through function Paz8 and Gsa7, yielding modified form Paz2-I, similar lipidation Aut7...

Cell separation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe is achieved by the concerted action of Eng1 endo-beta-1,3-glucanase and Agn1 endo-alpha-1,3-glucanase, which are transported to septum localize a ringlike structure that surrounds septum. The requirements for correct localization both hydrolases as ring were analyzed using green fluorescent protein fusion proteins. Targeting required functional exocyst, because proteins failed correctly sec8-1 or exo70delta mutants, suggesting might be two cargo...

Autophagy is a conserved bulk protein degradation process that proposed to play role in events arise when organisms are forced radically change their fate, including nutritional starvation, differentiation and development. In our present study, we have identified fission yeast autophagy as induced by the deprivation of environmental nitrogen, effects which known trigger sexual an adaptive response. Autophagy‐defective mutants were found be sterile absence but could complete nitrogen was...

Abstract The application of the conventional double‐fixation method (glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide) to whole yeast cells is difficult because thick cell wall prevents penetration tetroxide. However, this problem was solved by using freeze‐substitution fixation method. Therefore, it possible examine intracellular structures without digestion wall. In present method, specimens for transmission electron microscopy scanning were prepared simultaneously. By microscopic observation,...

Ultrastructural analyses of cytoplasmic changes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180-1A (MATa) that had been treated with alpha factor were performed by using the freeze-substitution fixation method. After treatment, cells exhibited a pointed projection, which is unique pattern oriented cell surface growth. The relationship between projection formation and intracellular organelles was examined serial thin sections computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions. Using these membrane vesicles...