A5034738428- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Marine and fisheries research
- Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Water Quality Monitoring Technologies
- Marine and coastal plant biology
- Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Remote Sensing in Agriculture
- Advanced Image Fusion Techniques
- Architecture and Computational Design
- Latin American Urban Studies
- Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism
- Remote-Sensing Image Classification
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Fish biology, ecology, and behavior
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
2015-2024
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology
2022
Imperial College London
1996-1997
Seagrass ecosystems are highly sensitive to environmental change. They also in global decline and under threat from a variety of anthropogenic factors. There is now an urgency establish robust monitoring methodologies so that changes seagrass abundance distribution these coastal environments can be understood. Typical approaches have included remote sensing satellites airborne platforms, ground based ecological surveys snorkel/scuba surveys. These techniques suffer temporal spatial...
The Ocean State Report is an annual publication of the Copernicus Marine Service that provides a comprehensive and state-of-the-art report on current state, natural variations, ongoing changes in global ocean European regional seas.It meant to act as reference Union for scientific community, international national bodies, general public.Using satellite data, models reanalyses, situ measurements, 4-dimensional view (latitude, longitude, depth, time) blue (e.g.hydrography currents), white...
Abstract The presence of vertical temperature and salinity gradients in the upper ocean occurrence variations on time scales from hours to many years complicate calculation flux carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) across sea surface. Temperature affect interfacial concentration aqueous CO primarily through their effect solubility with lesser effects related saturated vapor pressure relationship between fugacity partial pressure. profiles water column changes act partitioning carbonate system....
Abstract The contemporary air‐sea flux of CO 2 is investigated by the use an equation, with particular attention to uncertainties in global values and their origin respect that equation. In particular, deriving from transfer velocity sparse upper ocean sampling are investigated. Eight formulations gas used evaluate combined standard uncertainty resulting several sources error. Depending on expert opinion, a either ~5% or ~10% can be argued will contribute proportional error flux. limited f...
The strong control that the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have over Earth's climate identifies need for accurate quantification emitted CO2 and its redistribution within Earth system. ocean annually absorbs more than a quarter all this absorption is fundamentally altering chemistry. thus provides fundamental component powerful constraint global assessments used to guide policy action reducing emissions. These rely heavily on satellite observations, but their inclusion often invisible or...
Abstract. Climatologies, or long-term averages, of essential climate variables are useful for evaluating models and providing a baseline studying anomalies. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) has made millions global underway sea surface measurements publicly available, all in uniform format presented as fugacity, fCO2. As fCO2 is highly sensitive to temperature, the only valid instantaneous temperature (SST) that measured concurrently with in-water measurement. To create climatology data...
Abstract The air–sea flux of greenhouse gases [e.g., carbon dioxide (CO 2 )] is a critical part the climate system and major factor in biogeochemical development oceans. More accurate higher-resolution calculations these gas fluxes are required if researchers to fully understand predict future climate. Satellite Earth observation able provide large spatial-scale datasets that can be used study fluxes. However, storage requirements needed host such data restrict its use by scientific...
Abstract. Coccolithophores are the primary oceanic phytoplankton responsible for production of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). These climatically important plankton play a key role in carbon cycle as major contributor to open ocean pump (~50%) and their calcification can affect atmosphere-to-ocean (air-sea) uptake dioxide (CO2) through increasing seawater partial pressure CO2 (pCO2). Here we document variations areal extent surface blooms globally coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, North...
Abstract We used coincident Envisat RA2 and AATSR temperature wind speed data from 2008/2009 to calculate the global net sea-air flux of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which we estimate be 19.6 Tg S a−1. Our monthly calculations are compared open ocean eddy correlation measurements DMS 10 recent cruises, with a root mean square difference 3.1 μmol m−2 day−1. In sensitivity analysis, varied temperature, salinity, surface speed, aqueous concentration, using fixed changes as well CMIP5 model output....
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEFeatureNEXTSalinity from Space Unlocks Satellite-Based Assessment of Ocean AcidificationPeter E. Land*†, Jamie D. Shutler‡, Helen S. Findlay†, Fanny Girard-Ardhuin§, Roberto Sabia∥, Nicolas Reul§, Jean-Francois Piolle§, Bertrand Chapron§, Yves Quilfen§, Joseph Salisbury⊥, Douglas Vandemark⊥, Richard Bellerby#, and Punyasloke Bhadury∇View Author Information† Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, PL1 3DH, U.K.‡ University Exeter, Penryn Campus,...
Abstract Shelf seas play an important role in the global carbon cycle, absorbing atmospheric dioxide (CO 2 ) and exporting (C) to open ocean sediments. The magnitude of these processes is poorly constrained, because observations are typically interpolated over multiple years. Here, we used 298500 CO fugacity (fCO from a single year (2015), estimate net influx as 26.2 ± 4.7 Tg C yr −1 NW European shelf. atmosphere was dominated by during winter consequence high winds, despite smaller,...
The seasonality of the mass specific scattering and backscattering by different components suspended particulate matter (SPM) was investigated at a coastal station in Western English Channel. This study considered SPM, including inorganic organic matter, chlorophyll six phytoplankton groups. data set comprised 9-year time series observations L4. Scattering variability best explained content, with significant differences between spring–summer autumn–winter. Particulate fraction, no clear...
This paper examines how land use affects water quality and this impacts the viability of shellfish mariculture (marine aquaculture) in UK through a synthesis current literature, stakeholder workshops targeted engagement cross-sector organisations across case study South West England. We examine importance as constraint for England explore projected future uses are likely to influence ongoing viability. Currently, faecal material from agricultural runoff municipal wastewater discharges is...
The global oceans are considered a major sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Rain is known to alter the physical and chemical conditions at sea surface, thus influence transfer CO2 between ocean atmosphere. It can gas exchange through enhanced velocity, direct export from atmosphere ocean, by altering skin temperature, surface layer dilution. However, date, very few studies quantifying these effects on net sea-air fluxes exist. Here, we include terms for velocity in calculations...
Abstract. The flow (flux) of climate-critical gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), between the ocean and atmosphere is a fundamental component our climate an important driver biogeochemical systems within oceans. Therefore, accurate calculation these air–sea gas fluxes critical if we are to monitor oceans assess impact that gases having on Earth's ecosystems. FluxEngine open-source software toolbox allows users easily perform calculations from model, in situ, Earth observation data. original...
Blooms of the phytoplankton coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi can cause significant changes to both inherent and apparent optical properties within an oceanic column. Measurements made such a bloom off southwestern coast England during July 1999 are reported. The multiple scattering prevented accurate retrieval absorption (a) attenuation (c) coefficients with WETLabs ac-9. Upwelling radiance measurements were similarly affected by bloom, which caused sensors saturate. An model has been...
Abstract. We applied coincident Earth observation data collected during 2008 and 2009 from multiple sensors (RA2, AATSR MERIS, mounted on the European Space Agency satellite Envisat) to characterise environmental conditions integrated sea–air fluxes of CO2 in three Arctic seas (Greenland, Barents, Kara). assessed net sink sensitivity due changes temperature, salinity sea ice duration arising future climate scenarios. During study period Greenland Barents were sinks for atmospheric CO2, with...
A modular atmospheric correction algorithm is proposed that uses and water contents models to predict the visible near-infrared reflectances observed by a satellite over water. These predicted values are compared with at each pixel, model parameters changed iteratively an error minimization algorithm. The default single-scattering theory for multiple scattering based on lookup tables. With this we used of proportions three tropospheric aerosol types. For content need concentrations...