Saponins isolated from plant sources have a number of traditional and industrial applications. pharmacological effects like anti-inflammatory, molluscicidal, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antidiabetic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, antitussive cytotoxic activities. The current work describes the anthelmintic activities crude saponins Achillea Wilhelmsii Teucrium Stocksianum as these plants are rich with saponins. Brine shrimp activity was determined by Meyer et al. (1982) at test...

Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) make a diverse and huge group of bio-active constituents that have been isolated from several plant families. However, the greatest numbers are present in Asteraceae family having more than 3000 different reported structures. Recently researchers STLs significant antioxidant anticancer potentials. To investigate antioxidant, antinociceptive potentials STLs, gravity column chromatography technique was used for isolation biologically rich chloroform fraction...

Alzheimer’s disease is an emerging health disorder associated with cognitive decline and memory loss. In this study, six curcumin analogs (1a−1f) were synthesized screened for in vitro cholinesterase inhibitory potential. On the basis of promising results, they further investigated vivo analysis using elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, novel object recognition (NOR) behavioral models. The binding mode compounds active sites cholinesterases, involvement cholinergic system brain hippocampus was...

Callistemon citrinus Curtis belongs to family Myrtaceae that has a great medicinal importance. In our previous work, fruits of were reported have relaxant (antispasmodic) activity. The current work describes the screening fractions crude methanol extract for tracing spasmolytic constituents so it shall help us isolation bioactive compounds. Acute toxicity and brine shrimp cytotoxicity are also performed standardize it. was obtained by maceration with distilled water (500 ml) three times...

Background: Cytochrome P450 plays a pivotal role in metabolizing drugs, hormones, and vitamins with genetic variability influencing enzymatic activity. Genetic consortiums categorize variables such as CYP3A4-rs2242480 rs2740574 third-level evidence, indicating the need for further research into their health implications pharmacogenetic relevance carbamazepine metabolism. This study explores distribution patterns of selected genes correlation gender our population, aiming to advance...

Objectives: This study examines CYP3A genotypes regulating CYP enzymes, specifically CYP3A4 rs2740574, in Pashtun epilepsy patients Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. documents the pharmacogenomic effects of this single nucleotide polymorphism on carbamazepine serum levels and dose-adjusted levels. It aims to promote customized medicine by providing insights that could lead more effective treatments for population. Methods: (rs2740574) genotyping was performed 223 using Sanger sequencing. DNA...

Smartphone addiction has become a growing concern among students, negatively impacting their academic performance. Objective: To examine the correlation of smartphone nursing students with Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2024 to November in five private colleges Swat. The included 249 4th, 5th, and 8th semesters, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire, incorporating Academic Performance Scale (APS) Addiction...

Schiff bases synthesized in our laboratory have demonstrated pain-relieving effects through both peripheral and central nervous system pathways. Considering that centrally acting analgesics often affect the muscle tone of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) related deep internal organs, this study was conducted to examine potential relaxant on blood vessels GIT smooth muscles. The possible (SB1 SB2) isolated rabbit aortic strips were evaluated. experiments involved assessing their impact...

Verbascum thapsus is used in tribal medicine as an antispasmodic, anti-tubercular agent and wormicide. In this study, we investigated the antispasmodic anthelmintic activities of crude aqueous methanolic extract plant. V. extracts were tested against roundworms (Ascaridia galli) tapeworms (Raillietina spiralis). Each species worm was placed into a negative control group, albendazole treatment or time taken for paralysis death determined. addition, relaxation activity tests performed on...

Tissue damage is associated with pain, which an alarming sign. Aspirin and morphine have been widely used in recent decades for management of pain. Medicinal herbs use treatment different diseases centuries. Many these possess analgesic activity relatively less incidences adverse effects. The strong positive correlation alkaloids medicinal plants persuades intention to determine possible total extracted from the selected using animal models answer its mechanisms.Crude (Woodfordia fruticosa,...

Total flavonoid and phenolic content was estimated quantitatively by using colorimetric method in various fractions of bark needle extracts of Pinus roxburghii and Pinus wallichiana. Flavonoids may exist as free aglycone, but usually they are bound to sugar glycosides any one aglycone occur single plant several combinations. For the measurement total content, original extract hydrolysed measured before after hydrolysis calculate presence content.  Flavonoid contents (aglycone) extracts,...

The current work is an attempt to know about additional chemical profile of Artemisia macrocephala. Antioxidant activity performed as the plant reported contain flavonoids, which have antioxidant in general. Relaxant fractions crude methanol extract fraction(s) relaxant constituents concentrate we already that its has activity. Antispasmodic essential oil also rich with oil. Phytochemical performed. Free radical scavenging was using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Relaxation tests and...

As aerial parts of Rubus ulmifolius contains phytochemicals like flavonoids and tannins. And whereas tannins have antioxidant antipyretic activity, hence, current work is carried out to screen crude methanolic extract (Ru.Cr) rich (Ru.F) for possible activity. Ru.Cr Ru.F are also tested brine shrimps lethality bioassay. the first time Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed as it provides rapid finger printing targeting a pharmacological Acute toxicity Brine shrimps’ cytotoxicity...

To study the possible effects of methanolic extract fruits Tamarindus indica on rabbit's jejunum preparations.The was carried out preparations. Methanolic T. applied in different doses. Potassium chloride (KCl 80 mM)-induced contractions were relaxed by extract. For determination mode action relaxing effects, calcium curves constructed decalcified tissues using K(+) normal and followed rich solution. The then compared with verapamil.Relaxant KCl-induced prominent at a concentration 5.0-10.0...

The methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Tylophora hirsuta was screened for various in vitro biological activities including antileishmanial, insecticidal, phytotoxicity, antibacterial and antifungal. General toxicity (brine shrimp lethality assay) of was also performed. found to have significant antileishmanial activity against Leishmania major; reasonable insecticidal against L. minor L., low non-significant against Shigella flexenari and Bacillus substilis, respectively, moderate...

Zanthoxylum armatum is a well known food product used as antispasmodic in traditional medicine system. In the present research work, phytochemical composition of leaves, barks and fruits was carried out showing that all parts are good source alkaloids, saponin, tannins flavonoids. The ethanolic n-hexane extracts were tested for their potential using rabbit ileum tissues. and n-hexane extract leaves (ZLE ZLH), (ZBE ZBH) (ZFE ZFH), demonstrated dose dependant effect. most extracts, action...

In this study we screened the essential oil of Artemisia macrocephala for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory potentials. Ellman's assay method was used to investigate enzyme potential oil. The sample showed 87.7 ± 1.2, 77.9 0.6, 74.5 1.9 62.5 0.3 percent AChE inhibition at 1000, 500, 250 125 ?g/mL concentrations respectively with IC50 value 40 ?g/mL. Similarly it 81.8 75.6 70.0 0.6 64.2 1.4 BChE in 30 results confirm beneficial applications treatment...

Previous studies have shown that Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan has a high incidence of epilepsy and proportion low socioeconomic background treatment gap. Considering the changes over past 20 years little is known about current epidemiological characteristics in Pakistan. The study was focused to find impact various contributing factors on clinical response anti-epileptic drugs KP population, A total 315 participants aged 19.1±8.6 were examined. 1997 census-standardized prevalence 10 per...