Background Stroke rehabilitation with different exercise paradigms has been investigated, but which one is more effective in facilitating motor recovery and up-regulating brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) after ischemia would be interesting to clinicians patients. Voluntary exercise, forced involuntary muscle movement caused by functional electrical stimulation (FES) have individually demonstrated as stroke intervention. The aim of this study was investigate the effects these three common...

Abstract Spermidine, a natural polyamine presented widely in mammalian cells, has been implicated to extend the lifespan of several model organisms by inducing autophagy. However, effect spermidine against neuronal damage not yet fully determined. In this study, cell injury was induced treating PC12 cells and cortical neurons with 1 μ M staurosporine (STS). We found that STS-induced could be efficiently attenuated pretreatment mM spermidine. Spermidine inhibited caspase 3 activation STS....

Emerging lines of evidence show that the mechanisms neurite degeneration are convergent, with poor neuritic transport, mitochondrial dysfunction and an increase in intra-axonal calcium being principal convergence points. Nevertheless, details unclear. Here, we revealed induction autophagy degenerating neurites sympathetic neuron initiated by three different experimental paradigms. Autophagosomes were colocalized collapsed cytoskeletal proteins beadings during degeneration. Accumulation...

Unsupervised feature learning with deep networks has been widely studied in the recent years. Despite progress, most existing models would be fragile to non-Gaussian noises and outliers due criterion of mean square error (MSE). In this paper, we propose a robust stacked autoencoder (R-SAE) based on maximum correntropy (MCC) deal data containing outliers. By replacing MSE MCC, anti-noise ability is improved. The proposed method evaluated using MNIST benchmark dataset. Experimental results...

Cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) have been proposed to induce oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in CdTe QDs-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, the direct interactions of QDs with HUVECs and their potential impairment other organelles like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are poorly understood. In this study, we reported that negatively charged (-21.63±0.91 mV), good dispersity fluorescence stability, were rapidly...

Abstract Increased hemichannel opening induced by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was reported in the hippocampal pyramidal neuron. It suggested that pannexin1 could mediate ionic flux dysregulation, anoxic depolarization, and energy‐depleting efflux of ATP for ischemic neurons. However, regulatory mechanisms have been poorly understood. Here we showed excessive generation nitric oxide (NO) during ischemia induce calcein leakage from neurons, which markedly reduced NO synthase inhibitor....

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) make up most of the vascular system. In advanced atherosclerotic plaques, dying SMCs undergo a complex death mode. present study, we examined activation autophagy in overloaded with excess free cholesterol (FC) and investigated possible role which plays during FC-induced cell death. After incubation FC, robust expression autophagic vacuoles (AV) was detected using both fluorescence microscopy transmission electron (TEM). The results revealed that FC induced...

Objective. Many serious concerns exist in the long-term stability of brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) based on spike signals (single unit activity, SUA; multi MUA). Some studies showed local field potentials (LFPs) could offer a stable decoding performance. However, LFPs was examined only when high quality were recorded. Here we aim to examine over larger time scale from good poor or even no Approach. Neural collected motor cortex three monkeys via silicon arrays 230, 290 and 690 days...

It is a challenge to reduce the muscular discoordination in paretic upper limb after stroke traditional rehabilitation programs. In this study, neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and robot hybrid system was developed for multi-joint coordinated physical training. The could assist elbow, wrist fingers conduct arm reaching out, hand opening/grasping withdrawing by tracking an indicative moving cursor on screen of computer, with support from joint motors stimulations target muscles,...

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a direct communication pathway between brain and external devices, BCI-based prosthetic devices are promising to provide new rehabilitation options for people with motor disabilities. Electrocorticography (ECoG) signals contain rich information correlated activities, have great potential in hand gesture decoding. However, most existing decoders use long time windows, thus ignore the temporal dynamics within period. In this study, we propose recurrent neural...

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) provide a promising information channel between the biological brain and external devices are applied in building brain-to-device control. Prior studies have explored feasibility of establishing brain-brain interface (BBI) across various brains via combination BMIs. However, using BBI to realize efficient multidegree control living creature, such as rat, complete navigation task complex environment has yet be shown. In this study, we developed from human rat...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain can be characterized by its temporal variability and evolution, affecting both management treatment outcomes. While is traditionally studied over long timescales (e.g. days or weeks), few studies have explored short-term fluctuations minutes to seconds) their clinical relevance. This study investigated the of chronic across consecutive days, examining whether these are stable, exhibit consistent patterns, relate severity. We also...

Previous work has shown that puerarin (Pur), extracted from the dried root of Pueraria lobata (Wild) Ohwi, increases cerebral blood flow in dogs and attenuates spinal cord injury resulting ischemia reperfusion rats rabbits. The present study further demonstrates neuroprotective effects Pur on ischemic mechanisms underlying protective effects. Male Sprague-Dawley were subjected to middle artery occlusion (MCAo) for 50 min followed by 24 h. (50, 100 mg/kg, i.p) was administered at onset MCAo....

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative process essential for neuronal homeostasis, whereas autophagic failure has been linked to accumulating neurodegenerative disorders. However, the precise role of autophagy in axonal and dendritic degeneration Al

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based brain machine interfaces (BMIs) enable the user to learn from environment through interactions complete task without desired signals, which is promising for clinical applications. Previous studies exploited Q-learning techniques discriminate neural states into simple directional actions providing trial initial timing. However, movements in BMI applications can be quite complicated, and action timing explicitly shows intention when move. The rich...

The combination of biological and artificial intelligence is a promising methodology to construct novel intelligent modality, proposed as cyborg intelligence. hierarchical conceptual framework based on the interaction comparable components cognitive units computing units. authors extend previous focus sensorimotor circuits explore representation integration sensation. They then present model for brain-computer design efficient machine-learning algorithms neural signal decoding. also propose...