The use of mass spectrometry to investigate proteins is now well established and provides invaluable information for both soluble membrane protein assemblies. Maintaining transient noncovalent interactions under physiological conditions, however, remains challenging. Here, using nanoscale electrospray ionization emitters, we establish conditions that enable two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) from buffers containing high concentrations sodium ions. For the Class A GPCR, adenosine 2A...

Lipids are important substrates for oxidation at rest and during exercise. Aerobic exercise mediates a delayed onset decrease in total VLDL-triglyceride (TG) plasma concentration. However, the acute effects of on VLDL-TG turnover remain unclear. Here, we studied 90 min moderate-intensity healthy women men. kinetics were assessed using primed constant infusion ex vivo labeled [1- 14 C]triolein VLDL-TG. Fractional VLDL-TG-derived fatty acid was measured from CO 2 specific activity expired air....

This study presents and validates a detection monitoring model for mastitis based on automated frequent sampling of online cell count (OCC). Initially, data were filtered adjusted sensor drift skewed distribution using ln-transformation. Acceptable passed to time-series double exponential smoothing estimate level trends at cow level. The OCC levels converted continuous (0-1) scale, termed elevated risk (EMR), where values close zero indicate healthy status 1 high mastitis. Finally, feedback...

In recent years, Genomic Selection (GS) has accelerated genetic gain in dairy cattle breeds worldwide. Despite the evident progress, several populations have also encountered challenges such as heightened inbreeding rates and reduced effective population sizes. The challenge been to find a balance between achieving substantial while managing diversity within population, thereby mitigating negative effects of depression. This study aims elucidate impact GS on pedigree genomic (ΔF) coancestry...

Pregnant women are occasionally misdiagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) when they may have glucokinase monogenic (GCK-MODY). Differentiating between GCK-MODY and GDM is critical due to the distinct treatment strategies required during after pregnancy. Since pregnancy often elicits first glucose tolerance test, it provides a unique opportunity identify individuals GCK-MODY. However, testing all pregnant for expensive, use of clinical criteria warranted. An Irish study suggested using...

OBJECTIVE Increased very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) concentration is a central feature of diabetic dyslipidemia. The objective was to compare basal and insulin mediated VLDL-TG kinetics, oxidation, adipose tissue storage in type 2 healthy (nondiabetic) men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eleven 11 men, matched for BMI age, were included. Ex vivo-labeled tracers, blood breath samples, fat biopsies, indirect calorimetry, body composition measures applied determine fatty acids...

To assess basal and insulin-mediated VLDL-triglyceride (TG) kinetics the relationship between VLDL-TG secretion hepatic insulin resistance assessed by endogenous glucose production (EGP) in obese lean men.A total of 12 normoglycemic, (waist-to-hip ratio >0.9, BMI >30 kg/m(2)) (BMI 20-25 age-matched men were included. Ex vivo-labeled [1-(14)C]VLDL-TGs [3-(3)H]glucose infused postabsorptively during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to determine EGP. Body composition was determined dual...

Monocyte/macrophage-specific soluble CD163 (sCD163) concentration is associated with insulin resistance and increases deteriorating glycemic control independently of BMI. This led to the proposal hypothesis that obesity-associated white adipose tissue inflammation varies between individuals. The objective was examine effect male overweight/obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on associations adiposity parameters sCD163. A total 23 overweight/obese non-diabetic men, 16 men T2DM, a group 20...

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) lipids have been shown to stabilize an active conformation of class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) through a conserved binding site, not present in B GPCRs. For GPCRs, previous molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies PI(4,5)P2 interacting with the Glucagon receptor (GCGR), which constitutes important target for diabetes and obesity therapeutics. In this work, we applied MD simulations supported by native mass spectrometry (nMS)...

The aim of this work was to study the vascular endothelial growth factor A ( VEGF ‐ ) pathway and peritumoral brain edema PTBE through comparison non‐angiomatous angiomatous meningiomas. Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors, which often have . is an integral part formation angiogenesis, capillary‐rich meningiomas known for their PTBE. receptor VEGFR ‐2 responsible angiogenic effect on cells, enhanced by co‐receptor neuropilin‐1. Forty non‐angiomatous, 22 meningiomas, 10 control tissue...

Upper body obese (UBO) subjects have greater cardiovascular disease risk than lower (LBO) or lean subjects. Obesity is also associated with hypertriglyceridemia that may involve production and impaired removal of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglycerides (TG). In these studies, we assessed the impact composition on basal VLDL-TG production, oxidation, storage. kinetics were in 10 UBO, LBO, women using a bolus injection [1-(14)C]VLDL-TG. oxidation was measured by (14)CO(2) (hyamine...

The objective of this study was to estimate heritabilities for and genetic correlations among different pathogen-specific mastitis traits. traits were unspecific mastitis, which is all treatments regardless the causative pathogen as well caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Escherichia coli, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), Staphylococcus aureus uberis. Also groups pathogens investigated, Gram-negative v. Gram-positive contagious environmental pathogens. Data from 168 158 Danish...

Hydrogen deuterium exchange measured by mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a commonly used technique for studying the structural dynamics of proteins in solution. The first part any bottom-up HDX-MS experiment to identify peptides generated from digestion step. This requires manual inspection identified determine their use analysis, which time-consuming task. Throughout literature, there have been different approaches removing that do not yield quantifiable HDX information. includes using...

Abstract Context Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased risk of long-term complications, including impaired glucose metabolism, type 2 (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In current clinical practice, a 1 size fits all approach to GDM is applied, although heterogeneity among women has been recognized. Objective To give the most adequate preventive care postpartum (PP) guidance, we aimed make metabolic characterization identify subgroups previous within...

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are large, complex particles containing both surface proteins (e.g., ApoB100) and core lipids, e.g., cholesterol triglycerides (TG). Whereas ApoB100 kinetics have been thoroughly studied, accurate measurement of VLDL-TG proven difficult due to either mathematics or laborious procedures. The present study was therefore designed measure by dual isotope ex vivo labeled tracers well-established equations (bolus injection the primed continuous infusion). Ten...

Abstract Context: Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity is considered the rate-limiting step of very-low-density-lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) tissue storage, and has been suggested to relate development obesity as well insulin resistance type 2 diabetes. Objective: The objective study was assess relationship between quantitative storage VLDL-TG fatty acids LPL other factors in muscle adipose tissue. In addition, we examine whether such relations were influenced by Design: We recruited 23...

Upper‐body/visceral obesity is associated with abnormalities of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism and greater risk developing type 2 diabetes compared lower‐body obesity. In lean subjects lipolysis readily suppressed by insulin; however, metabolic inflexibility respect to antilipolysis a frequent finding in obesity, partly determined body composition. This study investigates effects insulin on regional adipose tissue lactate levels upper‐body overweight/obese (UBO), (LBO), women. The...

Diabet. Med. 27, 830–837 (2010) Abstract Aims Two long‐acting insulin analogues, glargine and detemir, have been developed as alternatives to neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, which has the preferred basal preparation for decades. The aim was directly compare pharmacodynamic properties of analogues NPH after a single subcutaneous injection. Methods study conducted double‐blind, controlled, three‐arm, crossover including 10 healthy lean male volunteers. On three different occasions,...