Nature, technology and society are full of complexity arising from the intricate web interactions among units related systems (e.g., proteins, computers, people). Consequently, one most successful recent approaches to capturing fundamental features structure dynamics complex has been investigation networks associated with above (nodes) together their relations (edges). Most have an inherently hierarchical organization and, correspondingly, behind them also exhibit features. Indeed, several...

Identifying the factors that determine academic performance is an essential part of educational research. Existing research indicates class attendance a useful predictor subsequent course achievements. The majority literature is, however, based on surveys and self-reports, methods which have well-known systematic biases lead to limitations conclusions generalizability as well being costly implement. Here we propose novel method for measuring overcomes these by using location bluetooth data...

Identifying the factors that influence academic performance is an essential part of educational research. Previous studies have documented importance personality traits, class attendance, and social network structure. Because most these analyses were based on a single behavioral aspect and/or small sample sizes, there currently no quantification interplay factors. Here, we study among cohort 538 undergraduate students forming single, densely connected network. Our work data collected using...

Pattern formation by segregation of cell types is an important process during embryonic development. We show that experimentally yet unexplored mechanism based on collective motility segregating cells enhances the effects known pattern mechanisms such as differential adhesion, mechanochemical interactions or migration directed morphogens. To study in vitro we use time-lapse videomicroscopy and quantitative analysis main features motion individual groups. Our observations have been extensive,...

The digital traces we leave behind when engaging with the modern world offer an interesting lens through which study behavioral patterns as expression of gender. Although gender differentiation has been observed in a number settings, majority studies focus on single data stream isolation. Here use dataset high resolution collected using mobile phones, well detailed questionnaires, to differences large cohort. We consider mobility behavior and individual personality traits among group more...

Abstract Large-scale collection of human behavioural data by companies raises serious privacy concerns. We show that behaviour captured in the form application usage collected from smartphones is highly unique even large datasets encompassing millions individuals. This makes behaviour-based re-identification users across possible. study 12 months 3.5 million people 33 countries and although four apps are enough to uniquely re-identify 91.2% individuals using a simple strategy based on public...

Power grids, road maps, and river streams are examples of infrastructural networks which highly vulnerable to external perturbations. An abrupt local change load (voltage, traffic density, or water level) might propagate in a cascading way affect significant fraction the network. Almost discontinuous perturbations can be modeled by shock waves eventually interfere constructively endanger normal functionality infrastructure. We study their dynamics solving Burgers equation under random on...

Tissue morphogenesis and patterning during development involve the segregation of cell types. Segregation is driven by differential tissue surface tensions generated types through controlling cell-cell contact formation regulating adhesion actomyosin contractility-based cellular cortical tensions. We use vertebrate zebrafish germ layer progenitors as in vitro models 3-dimensional heterotypic developed a quantitative analysis their dynamics based on 3D time-lapse microscopy. show that general...

Abstract Academic journals are the repositories of mankind’s gradually accumulating knowledge surrounding world. Just as is organized into classes ranging from major disciplines, subjects and fields, to increasingly specific topics, can also be categorized groups using various metric. In addition, they ranked according their overall influence. However, recent studies, impact, prestige novelty cannot characterized by a single parameter such as, for example, impact factor. To increase...

In recent years, the theory and application of complex networks have been quickly developing in a markable way due to increasing amount data from real systems fruitful powerful methods used statistical physics. Many important characteristics social or biological can be described by study their underlying structure interactions. Hierarchy is one these features that formulated language networks. this paper we present some (qualitative) analytic results on hierarchical properties random network...

Outside Africa, the global phylogeography of HIV is characterized by compartmentalized local epidemics that are typically dominated a single subtype, which indicates strong founder effects. We hypothesized competition viral strains at epidemic level may involve an advantage resident strain was first to colonize population. Such effect would slow down invasion new strains, and thus also diversification epidemic. developed stochastic modelling framework simulate over dynamic contact networks....

A number of novel experimental and theoretical results have recently been obtained on active soft matter, demonstrating the various interesting universal anomalous features this kind driven systems. Here we consider adhesion difference-driven segregation actively moving units, a fundamental but still poorly explored aspect collective motility. In particular, propose model in which particles tendency to adhere through mechanism makes them both stay touch synchronize their direction motion—but...

Many of the essential features evolution scientific research are imprinted in structure citation networks. Connections these networks imply information about transfer knowledge among papers, or other words, edges describe impact papers on publications. This inherent meaning infers that can exhibit hierarchical features, is typical based decision-making. In this paper, we investigate consisting same field. We find majority follow a universal trend towards highly state, and i) various fields...

[Context] Accurate time estimation is a critical aspect of predictable software engineering. Previous work shows that low source code quality increases the uncertainty in issue resolution times. [Objective] Our goal to evaluate how developers' project experience and file ownership are related [Method] We mine 40 proprietary repositories conduct an observational study. Using CodeScene, we measure active development connected Jira issues. [Results] Most changes made by either marginal or...

Targeted vaccination, whether to minimize the forward transmission of infectious diseases or their clinical impact, is one ‘holy grails’ modern disease outbreak response, yet it difficult achieve in practice due challenge identifying optimal targets real time. If interruption goal, targeting requires knowledge underlying person-to-person contact networks. Digital communication networks may reflect not only virtual but also physical interactions that could result transmission, precise overlap...

Abstract As courts strive to simultaneously remain self-consistent and adapt new legal challenges, a complex network of citations between decided cases is established. Using science methods analyze the underlying patterns can help us understand large-scale mechanisms which shape judicial system. Here, we use case-to-case citation structure Court Justice European Union examine this question. link-prediction model, show that over time evolves in way improves our ability predict citations....

Humans interact through numerous communication channels to build and maintain social connections: they meet face-to-face, make phone calls or send text messages, via media. Although it is known that the network of physical contacts, for example, distinct from arising events instant extent which these networks differ not clear. We show here structure large structural variations. The various account diverse relationships between pairs individuals corresponding interaction patterns across an...

Identifying the factors that influence academic performance is an essential part of educational research. Previous studies have documented importance personality traits, class attendance, and social network structure. Because most these analyses were based on a single behavioral aspect and/or small sample sizes, there currently no quantification interplay factors. Here, we study among cohort 538 undergraduate students forming single, densely connected network. Our work data collected using...

Understanding and effectively managing Technical Debt (TD) remains a vital challenge in software engineering. While many studies on code-level TD have been published, few illustrate the business impact of low-quality source code. In this study, we combine two publicly available datasets to study association between code quality one hand, defect count implementation time other hand. We introduce value-creation model, derived from regression analyses, explore relative changes baseline. Our...

Understanding and effectively managing Technical Debt (TD) remains a vital challenge in software engineering. While many studies on code-level TD have been published, few illustrate the business impact of low-quality source code. In this study, we combine two publicly available datasets to study association between code quality one hand, defect count implementation time other hand. We introduce value-creation model, derived from regression analyses, explore relative changes baseline. Our...

Hierarchical networks are prevalent in nature and society, corresponding to groups of actors - animals, humans or even robots organised according a pyramidal structure with decision makers at the top followers bottom. While this phenomenon is seemingly universal, underlying governing principles poorly understood. Here we study emergence hierarchies people playing simple dot guessing game controlled experiments, lasting for about 40 rounds, conducted over Internet. During games, players had...