Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype is a parasite that causes disease in cattle results major economic issues Asia, New Zealand, and Australia. The transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, which have recently been reported numerous states throughout the eastern United States. Concurrently, Virginia showed clinical signs consistent with hemoprotozoan infection. We used amplicons specific for piroplasm surface protein small subunit rDNA of piroplasms to test blood samples from PCR....

Theileria orientalis is a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes anemia, ill thrift, and death in cattle globally. The Ikeda strain of T. more virulent than other strains, leading to severe clinical signs up 5% affected animals. Within the Asia-Pacific region, where it affects 25% Australian cattle, has significant economic impact on industry. In 2017, was detected herd Albermarle County, Virginia, United States. Months earlier, U.S. alerted invasion Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis...

Melanoma in humans and dogs is considered highly immunogenic; however, the function of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) often suppressed tumor microenvironment. In humans, current immunotherapies target checkpoint molecules (such as PD-L1, expressed by cells), inhibiting their suppressive effect over TILs. The role PD-L2, an alternative PD-1 ligand also overexpressed malignant tumors patients with anti-PD-L1 resistance, remains poorly understood. study, we evaluated expression molecule...

Abstract. The black‐legged tick Ixodes scapularis Linnaeus (Acari: Ixodidae) is an important vector of microbial pathogens. Knowledge the tick's innate immune response, particularly defensin and other antimicrobial peptides, for understanding how microbes survive in this tick. A gene ( sln A) from I. was obtained by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) using mRNA extracted tissues female ticks. RT–PCR indicated expressed midgut, haemocytes, fat‐body, although no evidence...

Fusobacterium spp. are Gram-negative, oral bacteria that increasingly associated with human pathologies as diverse periodontitis, preterm birth, and colorectal cancer. While a recent surge in F. nucleatum research has increased our understanding of this pathogen, lack complete genomes hindered the identification characterization host-pathogen virulence factors. Here we report first eight sequenced using an Oxford Nanopore MinION Illumina sequencing pipeline assembled open-source program...

RNA viruses rapidly mutate, which can result in increased virulence, escape from vaccine protection, and false-negative detection results. Targeted methods have a limited ability to detect unknown often provide insufficient data coinfections or identify antigenic variants. Random, deep sequencing is method that more fully characterize coupled with molecular techniques culture for viral enrichment. We tested third-generation the viruses. Cultures of bovine diarrhea virus, canine distemper...

Introduction Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype is an emerging cattle disease in the US. Since 2017, when T. was discovered beef two counties Virginia, infections have risen to include ~67% of Virginia and 14 states. Consistent with New Zealand studies, many infected herds were >90% positive upon initial testing without overt evidence infection. Central bull tests present a unique opportunity study effects infections, as bulls from multiple source are consolidated. The objective this...

The transcript sequence of the Amblyomma americanum Linnaeus (Acari: Ixodidae) defensin, termed amercin (amn), was ascertained and a 219-bp amn coding region identified. gene encodes 72-amino acid prepropeptide with putative 37-amino mature peptide. This shows little similarity to either defensins from hebraeum Koch, only other species for which defensin has been described. Sequence comparisons tick reveal be shorter (6 bp or 2 amino acids) than Ixodes scapularis Dermacentor variabilis (Say)...

Theileria orientalis Ikeda is a newly identified agent of bovine infectious anemia in the United States. Although T. transmitted by ticks other than tick that transmits Anaplasma marginale-a bacterial etiology anemia-the geographic distributions these 2 organisms overlap, with coinfection reported some cattle. Only anaplasmosis has an approved effective treatment To provide rapid diagnostic information for producers anemic animals, we developed duplex real-time PCR (rtPCR) A. marginale and...

Theileria orientalis, genotype Ikeda, was recently detected in North America. Determining the emerging distribution of this pathogen is critical for understanding spread and developing management strategies. Whole blood samples were collected from cattle at Virginia livestock markets September 2018 through December 2020. Animals tested T. orientalis using a universal then specific real-time PCR based on MPSP gene. Prevalence each analyzed temporal trends mapped by county. Spatial patterns...

We report the complete genome sequence of a clinical isolate Providencia stuartii strain CMC-4104, isolated from splenic abscess. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Illumina sequencing reads were assembled using Geneious to generate 4,504,925-bp circular chromosome containing multiple copies NDM-1 PER-1 genes in genomic resistance island.

To expand surveillance testing capacity through sample pooling, a thorough understanding is needed of how dilution pooling affects the sensitivity candidate assays. We validated robust and representative framework for assessing effect using duplex rtPCR

Abstract RNA viruses rapidly mutate, which can result in increased virulence, escape from vaccine protection, and false negative detection results. Targeted methods have a limited ability to detect unknown often provide insufficient data coinfections or identify antigenic variants. Random, deep sequencing is method that more fully characterize coupled with molecular techniques culture for viral enrichment. Viral third-generation were tested the viruses. Cultures of bovine diarrhea virus,...

Understanding the virulence mechanisms of human pathogens from genus Fusobacterium has been hindered by a lack properly assembled and annotated genomes. Here we report first complete genomes for seven strains, as well resequencing reference strain F. nucleatum subsp. ATCC 25586 (seven total species, eight genomes). A highly efficient cost-effective sequencing pipeline was achieved using sample multiplexing short-read Illumina (150 bp) long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION (>80 kbp) platforms,...

Abstract BACKGROUND Theileria orientalis is a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes anemia, ill thrift, and death in cattle globally. The Ikeda strain of T. more virulent than other strains, leading to severe clinical signs less 5% affected animals. Within the Asia-Pacific region, where it affects 25% Australian cattle, has significant economic impact on industry. In 2017, was detected herd Albermarle County, Virginia, United States. Months earlier, U.S. alerted invasion Asian longhorned tick,...

Abstract Background Infectious necrotic hepatitis (INH) is typically a disease of ruminants caused by Clostridium novyi type B. Growth the causative agent supported development an anaerobic environment within liver. In dogs, C. rare and has only been previously reported as post-mortem diagnosis. one case, infection was secondary to metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma other presumptively diagnosed on histopathology hepatic lesion in dog initially presented for acute collapse. Case...

Abstract Theileria orientalis ikeda is a newly identified agent of bovine infectious anemia in the United States. Although it transmitted by separate tick hosts than Anaplasma marginale – bacterial etiology –the geographic distributions these two organisms overlap, with co-infection reported some cattle. Only anaplasmosis has approved effective treatment To provide rapid diagnostic information for producers anemic animals, we developed duplex qPCR A. and T. . With cut-off 38 cycles, assay...

Effects of Bifidobacteriumlongum bv. Infantis CCUG 52486 combined with glucooligosaccharide on immune cell populations in healthy young and older subjects receiving an influenza vaccination - Volume 72 Issue OCE1