Sleep deprivation (<or=5 hour per night) was associated with a higher risk of hypertension in middle-aged American adults but not among older individuals. However, the outcome based on self-reported diagnosis incident hypertension, and no gender-specific analyses were included. We examined cross-sectional prospective associations sleep duration prevalent cohort 10,308 British civil servants aged 35 to 55 years at baseline (phase 1: 1985-1988). Data gathered from phase 5 (1997-1999) 7...

It is frequently stated in the scientific literature, official reports and press that 80% of Asian African populations use traditional medicine (TM) to meet their healthcare needs; however, this statistic was first reported 1983. This study aimed update knowledge prevalence TM characteristics those who access it, inform health policy-makers as countries seek fulfil WHO strategy 2014–23 harness for population health. Prevalence studied 35 334 participants WHO-SAGE, surveyed 2007–10. users...

Millions of people in low and middle income countries suffer from extreme hunger malnutrition. Research on the effect food insecurity child nutrition is concentrated high settings has produced mixed results. Moreover, existing evidence security children either cross-sectional and/or based primarily rural populations. In this paper, we examine household status its interaction with wealth stunting among aged between 6 23 months resource-poor urban setting Kenya. We use longitudinal data...

Background Current evidence on the decline in prevalence of female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C) has been lacking worldwide. This study analyses estimates and secular trends FGM/C over sustained periods (ie, 1990–2017). Its aim is to provide analytical changing time among girls aged 0–14 years examine geographical variations low-income middle-income countries. Methods Analysis shift was undertaken using Demographic Health Survey (DHS) Multiple Indicator Cluster (MICS) data sets from...

Female genital mutilation (FGM) usually undertaken between the ages of 1-9 years and is widely practised in some part Africa by migrants from African countries other parts world. Laws prohibit FGM almost every country. can cause immediate complications (pain, bleeding infection) delayed (sexual, obstetric, psychological problems). Several factors have been associated with an increased likelihood FGM. In Burkina Faso, prevalence appears to recent years.We investigated social, demographic...

What explains the underlying causes of rural-urban differentials in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among under-five children is poorly exploited, operationalized, studied and understood low- middle-income countries (LMIC). We decomposed inequalities associated factors SAM while controlling for individual, household, neighbourhood using datasets from successive demographic health survey conducted between 2010 2018 51 LMIC. The data consisted 532,680 nested within 55,823 neighbourhoods across...

Introduction In Somalia, protracted conflict and drought have caused population displacement livelihood destruction. There is also widespread childhood undernutrition. We aimed to determine the independent effects of on wasting stunting among children aged 6–59 months nationwide in Somalia. Methods Data were from household surveys during 2007–2010, including 73 778 1066 clusters, Armed Conflict Location Event project database remote sensing. used Bayesian hierarchical spatial-temporal...

Retail drug shops play a significant role in managing pediatric fevers rural areas Uganda. Targeted interventions to improve seller practices require understanding of the retail shop market and motivations that influence practices. This study aimed at describing operational environment relation Uganda National Drug Authority guidelines for setup shops; characteristics, dispensing private febrile conditions among under-five children western Cross sectional survey 74 registered shops,...

This paper draws on household data to examine the prevalence of female genital mutilation (FGM) in Senegal and effectiveness country's anti-FGM law dealing with actual breaches providing protection victims. The 2010–2011 Demographic Health Survey Multiple Indicators Cluster (SDHS-MICS) covers 14,228 women their daughters. Logistic regression was used investigate geographic distribution FGM across regions. For enforceability anti-FGM, desk research used. Overall among daughters 28.1% 6.2%,...

Summary The aim of this study was to assess spatial co‐occurrence acute respiratory infections (ARI), diarrhoea and stunting among children the age between 6 59 months in Somalia. Data were obtained from routine biannual nutrition surveys conducted by Food Agriculture Organization 2007–2010. A Bayesian hierarchical geostatistical shared component model fitted residual components three health conditions. Risk maps common effects at 1×1 km resolution derived. empirical correlations enumeration...

Stunting among children under five years old is associated with long-term effects on cognitive development, school achievement, economic productivity in adulthood and maternal reproductive outcomes. Accurate estimation of stunting tools to forecast risk are key planning interventions. We estimated the prevalence distribution Somalia from 2007 2010 explored role environmental covariates its forecasting. Data household nutritional surveys a total 1,066 clusters covering 73,778 were included....

To determine the sub-national seasonal prevalence and trends in wasting from 2007 to 2010 among children aged 6-59 months Somalia using remote sensing household survey data nutritional surveys.Bayesian hierarchical space-time model was implemented a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) approach integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA) produce risk maps of at 1 × km(2) spatial resolution predict seasons each year study 2010.The generally critical levels throughout country,...

Abstract Background As a global public health problem, anemia affects more than 400 million women of reproductive age worldwide, mostly in Africa and India. In the DRC, prevalence has decreased slightly from 52.9% 2007, to 46.4% 2012 42.4% 2019. However, there is considerable regional variation its distribution. The aim this study determine factors contributing explore spatial distribution DRC. Methods Based on Bayesian Multilevel Spatial Ordinal Logistic Regression Model, we used 2013...

Childhood sport participation is argued to be important understand differences in self-regulation and performance level adolescence. This study sought investigate if football-specific activities childhood (6–12 years of age) related self-regulatory skills national under 14- 15-team selection Norwegian elite youth football. Data practice histories 515 football players selected at regional were collected further analysed using multilevel analyses. The results revealed that high self-regulated...

Hospital board members are asked to consider large amounts of quality and safety data with a duty act on signals poor performance. However, in order do so it is necessary distinguish from noise (chance). This article investigates whether English National Health Service (NHS) acute care hospital papers presented way that helps the role chance their decisions.Thirty NHS trusts were selected at random retrieved. Charts depicting identified. Categorical discriminations then performed document...

Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), also known as female circumcision, is a global public health and human rights problem affecting women girls. Several concerted efforts to eliminate the practice are underway in several sub-Saharan African countries where most prevalent. Studies have reported variations with some experiencing relatively slow decline prevalence. This study investigates roles of normative influences related risk factors (e.g., geographic location) on persistence FGM/C...

Over the last several decades, global efforts to end female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) have intensified through combined of international and non-governmental organizations, governments, religious civil society groups. One question asked by donors, program implementers observers alike is whether there any evidence that FGM/C declining. In two reliable data been generated in numerous countries major household surveys, including repeat cross-sectional surveys. What can we learn from...

Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but it remains the main cause of death in Luxembourg. We aimed to estimate current prevalence hypertension, associated factors, and its geographic variation Cross-sectional, population-based data on 1497 randomly selected Luxembourg residents aged 25 64 years were collected as part European Health Examination Survey from 2013 2015. was defined systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, self-report physician diagnosis...