Abstract. Lanzhou, which is located in a steep alpine valley western China, one of the most polluted cities China during wintertime. In this study, an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), seven-wavelength aethalometer, and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) were deployed 10 January to 4 February 2014 study concentrations, chemical processes, sources submicrometer particulate matter (PM1). The average PM1 concentration was 57.3 µg m−3 (ranging...

A novel host lattice disodium calcium ditin(IV) trigermanium oxide Na2CaSn2Ge3O12 was utilized for synthesizing long-persistent phosphorescence materials the first time. Reddish orange observed in Na2CaSn2Ge3O12:Sm(3+) phosphors with persistence time more than 4.8 h. The were synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction pathway air atmosphere. predominant cubic phase of all XRD patterns. Photoluminescence measurements indicated that emission spectrum composed peaks located at 566 (the...

Legal Judgment Prediction is a fundamental task in legal intelligence of the civil law system, which aims to automatically predict judgment results multiple subtasks, such as charge, article, and term penalty prediction. Existing studies mainly focus on impact entire fact description all subtasks. They ignore practical judicial scenario, where judges adopt circumstances crime (i.e., various parts fact) decide results. To this end, paper, we propose circumstance-aware prediction framework...

Abstract. An increased trend in aerosol concentration has been observed the Himalayas recent years, but understanding of chemical composition and sources remains poorly understood. In this study, molecular water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from two filter samples collected during high loading periods (denoted as P1 P2) at a high-altitude station (Qomolangma Station, QOMS; 4276 m a.s.l.) northern was identified using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass...

Abstract. Due to significant climatic effects, brown carbon (BrC) aerosol has received much attention in recent years. In this study, a year-long fine particular-matter (PM2.5) samples were collected at Waliguan Baseline Observatory the northeast of Tibet Plateau investigate optical properties water-soluble BrC and its source. The average concentration PM2.5 throughout year was 10.3 ± 7.4 μg m–3, with maximum spring (14.0 1.6 m−3) winter (12.5 m–3) minimum fall (7.95 0.9 summer (7.14 m−3)....

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is an important contributor to global and regional cycles, atmospheric could be a critical limit nutrient for remote areas. In this study, species compositions, fluxes, historical records in the mountains of Western China, including Tibetan Plateau, were determined from snowpit ice core samples collected mountain glaciers. The mean concentration total dissolved (TDN) was 12.6 μmol L −1 (8.0–17.8 ) comprised 59% ammonium nitrogen, 35% nitrate ∼6% organic...

Massive legal documents have promoted the application of intelligence. Among them, Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) has emerged as a critical task, garnering significant attention. LJP aims to predict judgment results for multiple subtasks, including charges, law articles, and terms penalty. Existing studies primarily focus on utilizing entire factual description produce results, overlooking practical judicial scenario where judges consider various crime circumstances decide verdicts...

Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in mountain glaciers is an important source of carbon for downstream aquatic systems, and its impact expected to increase due the increased melting rate glaciers. We present a comprehensive study Laohugou glacier no. 12 (LHG) at northern edge Tibetan Plateau characterize DOM composition sources by analyzing surface fresh snow, granular ice samples, snow pit samples which covered whole year cycle 2014/15. Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence...

Selective rationalizations improve the explainability of neural networks by selecting a subsequence input (i.e., rationales) to explain prediction results. Although existing methods have achieved promising results, they still suffer from adopting spurious correlations in data (aka., shortcuts) compose rationales and make predictions. Inspired causal theory, this paper, we develop an interventional rationalization (Inter-RAT) discover rationales. Specifically, first analyse causalities among...

The fluorescence, phosphorescence and thermoluminescence properties of Eu3+ Gd3+ single-doped co-doped Ca2SnO4 phosphors sintered in air oxygen-deficient atmosphere (vacuum) were investigated. red phosphor Ca2SnO4: Gd3+, vacuum can last for over 6480 sec at a recognizable intensity level, whereas the air-sintered only persist 1080 sec. And blue 10200 sec, but 5820 A new efficient persistent energy transfer system from self-trapped excitation to was suggested based on fact obvious overlap...

Abstract The metamorphism of snow (snowmelt process) has a potential influence on chemical and physical process occurring within it. This study carried out detailed the variation dissolved organic matter (DOM) in different stages snowmelt typical mountain glacier located at Tibetan Plateau through collecting four surface snow/ice categories, i.e., fresh snow, fine firn, coarse granular ice during May to October 2015. carbon (DOC) was observed by lost 44% from firn enriched 129% ice,...

The remarkable success in neural networks provokes the selective rationalization. It explains prediction results by identifying a small subset of inputs sufficient to support them. Since existing methods still suffer from adopting shortcuts data compose rationales and limited large-scale annotated human, this paper, we propose Shortcuts-fused Selective Rationalization (SSR) method, which boosts rationalization discovering exploiting potential shortcuts. Specifically, SSR first designs...

Criminal Court View Generation is an essential task in legal intelligence, which aims to automatically generate sentences interpreting judgment results. The court view could be seen as the summary of crime circumstances a case, including ADjudging Circumstance (ADC) and SEntencing (SEC). However, different vary widely, adopting them views directly may limit generation performance. Therefore, it necessary identify ADC SEC related case facts enhance into generation, respectively. To this end,...

Cryoconite granules are dark-colored spherical aggregates and an important sink for organic matter accumulated in supraglacial environments. However, the variations dissolved (DOM) concurrent with leaching process during cryoconite evolution poorly understood. This study characterized of DOM from throughout a 30 day situ experiment dark on mountain glacier Tibetan Plateau. The results show that concentration carbon (DOC) leached decreased initially 13.41 ± 2.71 to 7.10 2.86 mg C L–1 0 3 but...

Abstract Highly ordered mesoporous CdS nanowire arrays were synthesized by using silica as hard template and cadmium xanthate (CdR 2 ) a single precursor. Upon etching silica, produced with yield high 93 wt%. The characterized XRD, N adsorption, TEM, SEM. results show that the products replicated from SBA-15 possess highly hexagonal mesostructure fiber-like morphology, analogous to mother template. current–voltage characteristics of nanoarrays are strongly nonlinear asymmetrical, showing...

Abstract. The physical evolution (metamorphism) of snow is known to affect the chemical composition dissolved organic matter (DOM) within it. Here, we present a comprehensive study on Dongkemadi glacier in central Tibetan Plateau by analyzing surface snow/ice samples collected from May October 2015. Based their descriptions, these were grouped into four categories, i.e., fresh snow, fine firn, coarse and granular ice that represented different stages snowmelt. concentrations carbon (DOC)...

CdSe nanostructures were synthesized by the hydrothermal process. The morphology and structures of as-prepared seriously affected adding an ionic liquid, lithium bis((trifluoromethyl)- sulfonyl)amide. results illustrated that when liquid is added, nanorod-chain assemblies with mixed cubic hexagonal phases are obtained. surface photovoltaic photocurrent measurements demonstrated show a photoelectric response.

Civil Case Judgment Prediction (CCJP) is a fundamental task in the legal intelligence of civil law system, which aims to automatically predict judgment results on each plea plaintiff. Existing studies mainly focus making predictions only certain cause (e.g., divorce dispute) by utilizing fact descriptions and pleas plaintiff, still suffer from various causes complicated essential elements real court. Thus, this paper, we formalize CCJP as multi-task learning problem propose method centering...