A5005269952- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Sex work and related issues
- Hepatitis C virus research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2016-2025
University of California, San Diego
2024
San Diego State University
2024
Florida State University
2024
William Carey University
2021
Johns Hopkins University
2021
Washington University in St. Louis
2021
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
2021
Public Health Department
2014-2020
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2015
This study was conducted to compare viral dynamics in blood and semen between subjects with antibody negative, acute HIV-1 infection other later stages of infection.A prospective cohort embedded within a cross-sectional HIV screening Lilongwe, Malawi STD clinic.Blood samples from negative or indeterminate volunteers were used detect RNA plasma using pooling strategy. Blood seminal concentrations measured over 16 weeks.Sixteen men 25 chronic studied. load highest about 17 days after (mean +/-...
Households are hot spots for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission.
Objectives: To estimate the effect of receiving HIV-positive test results on intentions to have future children and contraceptive use assess association between pregnancy incidence among women in Malawi. Methods: Women unknown HIV status completed a questionnaire about then received voluntary counseling testing (VCT). who were not pregnant enrolled followed for 1 year while care access family planning (FP) services. Results: Before their results, 33% reported desire children; this declined...
Universal HIV testing and immediate antiretroviral therapy for infected individuals has been proposed as a way of reducing the transmission thereby bringing epidemic under control. It is unclear whether during early infection—before are likely to have diagnosed with started on therapy—will compromise effectiveness treatment prevention. This article presents two opposing viewpoints by Powers, Miller, Cohen, Williams Dye, followed commentary Fraser.
Objective: Individuals with acute (preseroconversion) HIV infection (AHI) are important in the spread of HIV. The identification AHI requires detection viral proteins or nucleic acids techniques that often unaffordable for routine use. To facilitate efficient use these tests, we sought to develop a risk score algorithm identifying likely cases and targeting tests towards those individuals. Design: A cross-sectional study 1448 adults attending sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic...
Background. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate methods of detecting clients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) who were acutely coinfected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Lilongwe, Malawi. Methods. After informed consent was obtained, all acute STDs offered voluntary HIV counseling and testing by 2 rapid antibody tests. Samples from test-negative or -discordant subjects pooled (50:5:1) tested for RNA. Western blots performed on test-discordant specimens detectable A...
Objective The HIV care continuum among female sex workers (FSW), a key population, has not been well characterized, especially within the generalized epidemics of sub-Saharan Africa. This was first study to characterize FSW in Lilongwe, Malawi. Methods From July through September 2014, we used venue-based sampling enroll 200 adult Malawi into cross-sectional evaluation assessing outcomes. Seropositive FSW, identified using rapid testing, received CD4 counts addition viral loads dried blood...
Background: Patients with acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) have elevated infectivity, but cannot be diagnosed using antibody-based testing. Approaches to screen patients for AHI are urgently needed enable counselling and treatment reduce onward transmission. Methods: We pooled data from four African studies of high-risk adults that evaluated symptoms signs compatible retroviral syndrome tested at each visit. was defined as detectable plasma viral load or p24 antigen in an HIV-1-antibody-negative...
Abstract Background The World Health Organization Africa region has high regional hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence, and evidence suggests more frequent horizontal HBV transmission than other regions. Context-specific epidemiological studies are needed to inform additional prevention measures. Methods In the cross-sectional Horizontal Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis (HOVER-HBV) study, we introduced surface antigen (HBsAg) screening alongside existing HIV as part routine antenatal care in...
Pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) has become standard therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We evaluated whether PEG-IFN pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics account differences in treatment outcome these parameters might be predictors of therapeutic outcome. Twenty-four IFN-naïve, HCV/human immunodeficiency virus–coinfected patients received α-2b (1.5 μg/kg) once weekly plus daily ribavirin (1,000 or 1,200 mg) up to 48 weeks. HCV RNA α concentrations were obtained from samples...
Improved understanding of hepatitis C virus (HCV) dynamics during and after liver transplantation can be useful in optimizing antiviral therapy transplant recipients. We analyzed serum HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) levels cadaveric 6 patients. After removal the before new started producing virions, RNA dropped with an average half-life (t1/2) 0.8 hours. Viral loads then continued to drop up 23 hours postimplantation (t1/2 = 3.4 hours), began rise (doubling-time 2.0 days) as soon 15 anhepatic...
The HIV cascade--often referred to as "the continuum"--provides a valuable framework for population-level representations of engagement with the healthcare system. importance and appeal this are evidenced by large body scientific literature, well adoption cascade-related indicators medical public health organizations worldwide. Despite its centrality in fields treatment prevention, however, traditional cascade provides limited description processes affecting numbers it represents....