A5025109579- Advanced Statistical Methods and Models
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Organ Transplantation Techniques and Outcomes
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Optimal Experimental Design Methods
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2015-2024
Tallaght University Hospital
2024
University of North Carolina Health Care
2017
St. Conal's Psychiatric Hospital
2015
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
2012
University of Belgrade
2012
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
2012
State University of New York at Oswego
1999-2011
Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario
2009
Pennsylvania State University
1997-2007
We examined whether viral dynamics in the genital tract during natural history of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection could explain efficient heterosexual transmission HIV.We measured HIV-1 concentration blood and semen samples from patients with long-term infection. explored effect changes on probability per coital act, using a probabilistic model published elsewhere.Considered over time infection, concentrations, men increase decrease approximate parallel occurring...
During a clinical trial of novel hydrocodone/acetaminophen combination, high incidence serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations was observed.To characterize the and magnitude ALT in healthy participants receiving 4 g acetaminophen daily, either alone or combination with selected opioids, as compared treated placebo.A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, 5-treatment, parallel-group, inpatient, diet-controlled (meals provided), longitudinal study 145 adults 2 US inpatient...
Key Principle #1: Causal inference requires careful consideration of confounding d Preferred variable selection methods 1. Historical confounder definition with purposeful 2. models using directed acyclic graphs Variable that do not adequately control for 3. P value-or model-based 4. Methods based on b-coefficient changes 5. Selection variables to identify "independent predictors" Do present all the effect estimates from a model designed test single causal association (Table 2 fallacy) #2:...
This study was conducted to compare viral dynamics in blood and semen between subjects with antibody negative, acute HIV-1 infection other later stages of infection.A prospective cohort embedded within a cross-sectional HIV screening Lilongwe, Malawi STD clinic.Blood samples from negative or indeterminate volunteers were used detect RNA plasma using pooling strategy. Blood seminal concentrations measured over 16 weeks.Sixteen men 25 chronic studied. load highest about 17 days after (mean +/-...
Prediction models aim to use available data predict a health state or outcome that has not yet been observed. is primarily relevant clinical practice, but also used in research, and administration. While prediction modeling involves estimating the relationship between patient factors outcomes, it distinct from casual inference. thus requires unique considerations for development, validation, updating. This document represents an effort editors at 31 respiratory, sleep, critical care medicine...
Recent studies suggest that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of lung disease cystic fibrosis (CF). The goal present study was to quantitatively compare bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and its relation bacterial infection, between children with CF other chronic respiratory problems. Differential cell counts, immunoreactive interleukin 8 (IL-8), quantitative cultures were done BALF from 54 (median age 1.8 yr) 55 control patients 1.0 who underwent bronchoscopy for clinical...
Abstract —Few well-controlled diet studies have investigated the effects of reducing dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake in premenopausal and postmenopausal women or blacks. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, crossover-design trial SFA on plasma lipids lipoproteins 103 healthy adults 22 to 67 years old. There were 46 men 57 women, whom 26 black, 18 16 ≥40 All meals snacks, except Saturday dinner, prepared served by research centers. The study was designed compare three diets: an...
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants that ubiquitous in the food chain, and detectable amounts blood of almost every person most populations have been examined. Extensive evidence from animal studies shows PCBs neurotoxins, even at low doses. Interpretation human data regarding low-level, early-life PCB exposure subsequent neurodevelopment is problematic because levels were not similarly quantified across studies. We expressed 10 a uniform manner using combination...
Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated relationships between prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and modest cognitive impairments in infancy early childhood. However, few followed cohorts of exposed children long enough examine the possible impact PCB on psychometric intelligence later Of that done so, one Great Lakes region United States reported impaired IQ prenatally PCBs, whereas another found no association.This study was designed determine whether...
Objectives: To describe first dose and steady state antiretroviral drug exposure in the female genital tract. Design: Non-blinded, single center, open-label pharmacokinetic study HIV-infected women. Method: Twenty-seven women initiating combination therapy underwent comprehensive blood plasma cervicovaginal fluid sampling for concentrations during of at steady-state. Drug were measured by validated HPLC/UV or HPLC-MS/MS methods. Pharmacokinetic parameters estimated 11 drugs non-compartmental...
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect release from prison and subsequent re-incarceration on viral loads HIV-infected individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods. Fifteen re-incarcerated prisoners HAART were identified a retrospective cohort inmates released January 1, 1997, August 31, 1999. matched (1:2) 30 incarcerated who remained during participants' time period. outcomes measured plasma HIV RNA levels, CD4 + lymphocyte counts,...
This study examined gender differences in smoking-related analgesia and stress-induced (SIA), as a function of pain modality. Forty men (20 smokers, 20 nonsmokers) 37 women (17 smokers) were tested twice for sensitivity to tourniquet ischemia, thermal heat, cold pressor tests; once following mental stress rest control, counterbalancing order. Cardiovascular neuroendocrine responses also examined. While expected observed, smokers had greater threshold tolerance times ischemic than nonsmokers...
Impaired hepatic bile acid export may contribute to development of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) 3 and 4 are postulated be compensatory basolateral efflux transporters when biliary excretion by the salt pump (BSEP) is impaired. BSEP inhibition a risk factor for DILI. This study aimed characterize relationship between MRP3, MRP4, potential drugs. inhibitory effect 88 drugs (100 <i>μ</i>M) on MRP3- MRP4-mediated substrate...
This study aimed to measure the effect and total cost per woman of providing postnatal support at home, based on a Dutch model. The research hypothesis was furnished by some existing evidence that could reduce risk depression encourage breastfeeding. randomised controlled trial differences in health status group women who were offered from community midwifery worker (SW) compared with control not this support. Women followed-up postal questionnaire 6 weeks months postnatally. All delivered...
Rationale and Purpose: Motivational interviewing (MI) is a counseling technique that has been used effectively to change number of health-related behaviors. We sought assess the impact on patients' antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence multicomponent, MI-based ART intervention compared with an HIV informational control program. Study Design: Two-arm, randomized, controlled trial. Sample: One hundred forty adult HIV-infected patients attending large, academic center infectious diseases...
A single-nucleotide polymorphism (A6986G) in the cytochrome P-450 3A5 ( CYP3A5) gene distinguishes an expressor *1) and a reduced-expressor *3) allele largely predicts CYP3A5 content liver intestine. is prevailing CYP3A isoform kidney. We report that, among renal microsomes from 21 organ donors, those *1/ *3 individuals had at least eightfold higher mean kidney microsomal 18-fold catalytic activity than did *3/ P = 0.0001 0.0137, respectively). also significant associations between A6986G...