Ralph S. Baric
A5017501496- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- interferon and immune responses
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Malaria Research and Control
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2016-2025
Biomedical Research Institute
2023-2025
Texas Biomedical Research Institute
2023-2025
Public Health Department
2014-2023
Yale University
2023
Baxter (United States)
2023
Georgia State University
2023
UCLouvain Saint-Louis Brussels
2023
Saint Louis University
2023
Max Planck Institute for Biology
2023
The present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease called coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) is the third documented spillover an animal to humans in only two decades that has resulted major epidemic. Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG) International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses, which responsible for developing classification viruses and taxon nomenclature family Coronaviridae, assessed placement human pathogen, tentatively named 2019-nCoV, within Coronaviridae. Based phylogeny,...
The recent emergence of Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV) puts the world on alert. 2019-nCoV is reminiscent SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002 to 2003. Our decade-long structural studies receptor recognition by have identified key interactions between spike protein and its host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both cross-species human-to-human transmissions SARS-CoV. One goals research was build an atomic-level iterative framework virus-receptor facilitate epidemic surveillance,...
Limited knowledge is available on the relationship between antigen-specific immune responses and COVID-19 disease severity. We completed a combined examination of all three branches adaptive immunity at level SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is the causative agent of a severe disease associated with more than 2468 human infections and over 851 deaths in 27 countries since 2012. There are no approved treatments for MERS-CoV infection although combination lopinavir, ritonavir interferon beta (LPV/RTV-IFNb) currently being evaluated humans Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Here, we show that remdesivir (RDV) IFNb have superior antiviral activity to LPV RTV vitro. In mice, both...
Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses in vitro vivo.
Testing of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in an older population is important, since increased incidences illness and death from disease 2019 (Covid-19) have been associated age. We conducted a phase 1, dose-escalation, open-label trial messenger RNA vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-2P) healthy adults. The was expanded include 40 adults, who were stratified...
Emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) cause severe disease in humans, but no approved therapeutics are available. The CoV nsp14 exoribonuclease (ExoN) has complicated development of antiviral nucleosides due to its proofreading activity. We recently reported that the nucleoside analogue GS-5734 (remdesivir) potently inhibits human and zoonotic CoVs vitro a acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) mouse model. However, studies with have not resistance associated GS-5734, nor do we understand...
Abstract The present outbreak of lower respiratory tract infections, including distress syndrome, is the third spillover, in only two decades, an animal coronavirus to humans resulting a major epidemic. Here, Coronavirus Study Group (CSG) International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses, which responsible for developing official classification viruses and taxa naming (taxonomy) Coronaviridae family, assessed novelty human pathogen tentatively named 2019-nCoV. Based phylogeny, taxonomy established...
During the summer of 2012, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a hitherto unknown coronavirus (CoV) was isolated from sputum patient with acute pneumonia and renal failure (1, 2). The isolate provisionally called human Erasmus Medical Center (EMC) (3). Shortly thereafter, September same type virus, named England 1, recovered severe respiratory illness who had been transferred Gulf region Middle East to London, United Kingdom (4) (GenBank accession no. KC164505.2). onset new disease traced back an even...
Abstract Noroviruses are major agents of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The infectivity Norwalk virus, the prototype norovirus, has been studied in susceptible human volunteers. A new variant hit theory model microbial infection was developed to estimate variation virus infectivity, as well degree aggregation, consistent with independent (electron microscopic) observations. Explicit modeling aggregation allows us express per single infectious unit (particle). Comparison a primary and...
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a major threat to global health1 and the medical countermeasures available so far are limited2,3. Moreover, we currently lack thorough understanding mechanisms humoral immunity SARS-CoV-24. Here analyse large panel human monoclonal antibodies that target spike (S) glycoprotein5, identify several exhibit potent neutralizing activity fully block receptor-binding...
Coronaviruses (CoVs) traffic frequently between species resulting in novel disease outbreaks, most recently exemplified by the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of COVID-19. Here, we show that ribonucleoside analog β-d-N
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made the development of a vaccine top biomedical priority. In this study, we developed series DNA candidates expressing different forms SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and evaluated them in 35 rhesus macaques. Vaccinated animals humoral cellular immune responses, including neutralizing antibody titers at levels comparable to those found convalescent humans macaques infected...
Vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed. The effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines on viral replication in both upper and lower airways is important evaluate nonhuman primates. Nonhuman primates received 10 or 100 μg mRNA-1273, a vaccine encoding the prefusion-stabilized spike protein SARS-CoV-2, no vaccine. Antibody T-cell responses were assessed before upper- lower-airway challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Active genomes...
The spike aspartic acid-614 to glycine (D614G) substitution is prevalent in global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains, but its effects on viral pathogenesis and transmissibility remain unclear. We engineered a SARS-CoV-2 variant containing this substitution. exhibits more efficient infection, replication, competitive fitness primary human airway epithelial cells maintains similar morphology vitro neutralization properties, compared with the ancestral...
An understanding of protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for vaccine and public health strategies aimed at ending the global disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A key unanswered question whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in against reexposure. We developed a rhesus macaque model observed that macaques had high viral loads upper lower tract, humoral cellular immune responses, pathologic evidence pneumonia. After initial...
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that first emerged in late 2019 is responsible for a pandemic of illness. People infected with this highly contagious virus can present clinically inapparent, mild, or disease. Currently, the infection individuals and at population level being monitored by PCR testing symptomatic patients presence viral RNA. There an urgent need SARS-CoV-2 serologic tests to identify all individuals, irrespective clinical symptoms, conduct...
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East (MERS)-CoV underscores the threat cross-species transmission events leading to outbreaks in humans. Here we examine disease potential a SARS-like virus, SHC014-CoV, which is currently circulating Chinese horseshoe bat populations. Using SARS-CoV reverse genetics system, generated characterized chimeric virus expressing spike SHC014 mouse-adapted backbone. results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding...
Increasing the intracellular Zn2+ concentration with zinc-ionophores like pyrithione (PT) can efficiently impair replication of a variety RNA viruses, including poliovirus and influenza virus. For some viruses this effect has been attributed to interference viral polyprotein processing. In study we demonstrate that combination PT at low concentrations (2 µM 2 PT) inhibits SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) equine arteritis virus (EAV) in cell culture. The synthesis these two distantly related...