<i>Objective:</i> We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in infants small children (12–36 months). <i>Methods:</i> The PNL applications conducted <3 years age two centers were evaluated. Whereas pediatric instrumentation was used first center, adult-size utilized second center. complications given according modified Clavien classification system. <i>Results:</i> mean patients 22.76 months (5–36 months) body...

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze relationship the intervertebral disc nerve root in foramen. Fourteen formalin‐fixed cadavers were studied and measurements performed. At medial line neural foramen, disc‐root distance gradually increased from L1‐L2 L5‐S1. shortest between (mean, 8.2 mm) greatest found at L3‐L4 10.5 mm). In mid‐foramen, decreased L1‐2 L5‐S1 0.4 mm); distance, 3.8 For lateral line, an intersection point edge superior foramen consistently border where crosses...

BACKGROUND: Although injury to the lumbar arteries during anterior spinal approaches is often encountered, there are few published articles regarding relationship between and cord ischemia. OBJECTIVE: To examine morphology of emphasize their clinical importance. METHODS: With aid a surgical microscope, 80 in 10 formalin-fixed male cadavers were studied. Measurements these structures made relationships observed. RESULTS: The artery was usually first branch artery. greatest diameter at L4 had...

ABSTRACT Transorbital intracranial injury is uncommon, representing 0.04% of penetrating head trauma with a high mortality rate. Orbital injuries may cause severe brain if the cranium entered, typically via orbital roof, superior fissure, or optic canal. A 13-year-old male sustained due to penetration right orbit an iron bar. The bar entered inferiomedial aspect and emerged from left occipital bone. Neurological examination revealed deep coma (GCS: E1M2V1) fixed, dilated, non-reactive...

Abstract Although the morphology of corpus callosum is well defined, arterial supply this structure has not been comprehensively studied. To elucidate further, 40 cerebral hemispheres from 30 adult cadaveric brains were obtained. The anterior arteries cannulated and injected with red latex. following observed documented: (1) number, diameter, course supplying callosum; (2) territories vascularized by these arteries; (3) any variations callosal arteries. Short present in 58 (96.6%) supplied...

After the introduction of tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), many studies conducted in adult patients have confirmed its efficacy and safety. There are limited reporting that PNL can be safely applied children, however. Furthermore, there no reports evaluate use totally children. The present study evaluates results preschool children.The data children seen our clinic who were considered suitable for analyzed. Of 16 8 underwent (group 1) standard 2). two groups compared with regard...

Timing of shunt insertion in infants with myelomeningocele (MM) and hydrocephalus (HCP) has been debated. Many authors have suggested to perform the repair MM during same operation. However, there is also an opposite view.We analyzed retrospectively 166 patients who underwent Sac evaluate whether are difference between these two methods terms infection rate.In session, V-P (ventriculoperitoneal) placement was performed onto 65 within first 48 hours postnatal 36 were operated after birth. In...

Objective: The TT virus (TTV) is a novel DNA that has recently been identified. clinical significance of TTV infection in patients with chronic hepatitis C not determined. aim this study was to determine the prevalence and possible role well characterized population infection. Methods: Ninety HCV known time acquisition were selected from approximately 250 followed at our institution. Characteristics including age, sex, histology, length disease recorded. Direct sequencing NS5 region used for...

Injury to the cervical radicular arteries during these approaches is rare.However, injury dominant vessels of vascular supply spinal cord can cause infarction.Anatomical knowledge therefore important for preventing postoperative neurological complications following procedures on spine.To our knowledge, there have been few studies published regarding relationship ischemia that occur (2,6,12,13,15,21,24).The prevalence serious currently unknown.█ INTRODUCTION C ervical transforaminal epidural...

Abstract Objective: Former studies have pointed out that hemodynamic stress imposed by associated valvular disease is the primary factor in development of ascending aorta dilatation. At present, intrinsic wall pathology blamed for dilatation and aneurysm formation bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Materials Methods: Aortic replacement (AVR) was performed on 78 adult patients with BAV. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I(n = 27)underwent only AVR. II(n 51)underwent AVR additional...

Object Although infrequent, injury to adjacent neurovascular structures during posterior approaches lumbar intervertebral discs can occur. A detailed anatomical knowledge of relationships may decrease surgical complications. Methods Ten formalin-fixed male cadavers were used for this study. Posterior exposure the thecal sac, nerve roots, pedicles, and was performed. To identify retroperitoneal at risk discectomy, a transabdominal approach performed, observations made. The distances between...

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has traditionally been recognised as a predictor of poorer early outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).The aim this study was to analyse the impact different COPD stages, defined by Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) spirometric criteria, on surgical primary isolated non-emergency CABG Methods: Between January 2008 and April 2012, 1 737 consecutive underwent Department...

Abstract: The cardiac adverse effects of interferon (INF) treatment have been reported recently in various clinical trials INF. In this study, the recombinant INF‐alpha were evaluated prospectively a group patients with chronic active viral hepatitis (CAH). Sixteen CAH type B, 14 C and one D included 4.5, 3 9 MU INF‐alpha‐2a was administrated three times week to these patients, respectively. durations 6 months for B C, 12 D. status all monitored detailed medical history, physical...

Liver transplant recipients frequently have chronic liver diseases and should be considered for vaccination against hepatitis A virus (HAV). However, persistence of protective antibodies after orthotopic transplantation (OLT) has not been shown in this population, which may implications future vaccine recommendations. We evaluated the prevalence epidemiological significance immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) a nonvaccinated population before OLT (immunity from previous...