OBJECT The dentatorubrothalamic tract (DRTT) is the major efferent cerebellar pathway arising from dentate nucleus (DN) and decussating to contralateral red (RN) thalamus. Surprisingly, hemispheric output influences bilateral limb movements. In animals, uncrossed projections DN ipsilateral RN thalamus may explain this phenomenon. aim of study was clarify anatomy connections in humans. METHODS authors applied advanced deterministic fiber tractography a template 488 subjects Human Connectome...

Several authors have defined a variety of so-called safe zones for deltoid-splitting incisions. The first aim the present study was to investigate distance axillary nerve from acromion and its relation arm length. second identify area during surgical dissection deltoid muscle.Twenty-four shoulders embalmed adult cadavers were included in study. anterior edge course measured recorded as distance. same measurement posterior made each limb. Correlation analysis performed between length ratios...

Obturator nerve block is one of the most technically challenging regional anesthesia techniques. Recently, characteristics have been described using ultrasound. However, clinical application proximal ultrasound-guided obturator on patients has not reported. In this study, we used ultrasound to describe anatomical localization and its two branches in cadavers, volunteers, also patients.A hyperechoic triangular shape formed by superior pubic ramus, posterior margin pectineus muscle anterior...

Objectives/Hypothesis Olfactory disturbances could be observed following transsphenoidal pituitary surgeries. To our knowledge, no previous comparative studies on olfactory functions after endoscopic and microscopic approaches have been performed. Study Design Prospective study comparing between surgery. Method Twenty‐five patients operated with the approach 25 evaluated. The Smell Diskettes Olfaction Test was used during preoperative period, 1 month operation, 6 months operation. In...

Abstract The superior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (SFOF), a long association bundle that connects frontal and occipital lobes, is well‐documented in monkeys but controversial human brain. Its assumed role visual processing spatial awareness. To date, anatomical neuroimaging studies on animal brains are not agreement about the existence, course, terminations of SFOF. clarify existence SFOF brains, we applied deterministic fiber tractography to template 488 healthy subjects 80 individual from...

Objective: Petrous apex of the temporal bone is an anatomically challenging area to access. Traditionally sub open approach the. Nowadays in suitable cases minimal invasive ventral approaches preferred approach. The aim this anatomic study compare and combine endoscopic contralateral medial transorbital with EEA get full access petrous direct visualization surgical field describe technical notes

Background: Perforator flaps, now used in various parts of the body, serve as a crucial option for reconstruction defects hand region, often caused by tumor resections, trauma, or burns. Understanding anatomy perforators allows design flaps closer to defect, improving tissue compatibility without requiring sacrifice major arteries. Methods: The study was conducted on 22 hands from 11 cadavers fixed 10% formaldehyde solution. radial and ulnar arteries were dissected distal third forearm....

To compare the primary stability of implants placed in conventional and osteotome sites to evaluate level correlation between cutting torque measurements, resonance frequency analysis (RFA), bone density.Eight human femoral heads were scanned with computed tomography for density measurements as Hounsfield units (HU), individualized tomography-based surgical stents prepared placement implants. Five implant sockets each collum (CoF), caput (CaF), trochanter (Tr-MM) section using drilling...

Object Epidural fibrosis is the scar tissue formed over dura mater after a laminectomy. Extensive epidural may be an important underlying cause of failed back syndrome. Pimecrolimus, ascomycin derivative, one new classes immunomodulating macrolactams and was specifically developed for treatment inflammatory diseases. This study examined preventive effects local application pimecrolimus in minimizing spinal rat laminectomy model. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 3 equal groups:...

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze relationship the intervertebral disc nerve root in foramen. Fourteen formalin‐fixed cadavers were studied and measurements performed. At medial line neural foramen, disc‐root distance gradually increased from L1‐L2 L5‐S1. shortest between (mean, 8.2 mm) greatest found at L3‐L4 10.5 mm). In mid‐foramen, decreased L1‐2 L5‐S1 0.4 mm); distance, 3.8 For lateral line, an intersection point edge superior foramen consistently border where crosses...

The vascularization pattern of the anatomy distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) remains a subject debate. authors provide detailed information about ACA and shed light on issues concerning it that have not previously been adequately discussed.Fifty adult human brains (100 hemispheres) were obtained during routine autopsies. Cerebral arteries separately cannulated injected with latex. patterns cortical branches variations investigated. found supplied all inner surfaces frontal parietal lobes...

BACKGROUND: Although injury to the lumbar arteries during anterior spinal approaches is often encountered, there are few published articles regarding relationship between and cord ischemia. OBJECTIVE: To examine morphology of emphasize their clinical importance. METHODS: With aid a surgical microscope, 80 in 10 formalin-fixed male cadavers were studied. Measurements these structures made relationships observed. RESULTS: The artery was usually first branch artery. greatest diameter at L4 had...

Lower local recurrence rates and better overall survival are associated with complete mesocolic excision central vascular ligation for treatment of colon cancer. To accomplish this, surgeons need to pay special attention the surgical anatomical planes anatomy colon. However, education in this area has been neglected.The aim study is define correct demonstrate dissection technique protecting structures.Macroscopic microscopic dissections were performed on 12 cadavers laboratory autopsy...

Abstract Although the morphology of corpus callosum is well defined, arterial supply this structure has not been comprehensively studied. To elucidate further, 40 cerebral hemispheres from 30 adult cadaveric brains were obtained. The anterior arteries cannulated and injected with red latex. following observed documented: (1) number, diameter, course supplying callosum; (2) territories vascularized by these arteries; (3) any variations callosal arteries. Short present in 58 (96.6%) supplied...

Background: The maxillary artery can be injured during procedures in the subcondylar portion of mandible. Thorough knowledge this region is mandatory to avoid accidental puncture artery, which lead profuse bleeding that hard control. Methods: In 16 halves eight embalmed cadaver heads, was dissected from branching point entrance sinus. Its anatomical relationships with certain landmarks were recorded numerically. Results: mean distance tragal pointer 16.2 mm (range, 14.97 16.80 mm) horizontal...