The formation of hydrogen-bonded structure in the folding reaction ubiquitin, a small cytoplasmic protein with an extended beta-sheet and alpha-helix surrounding pronounced hydrophobic core, has been investigated by hydrogen-deuterium exchange labeling conjunction rapid mixing methods two-dimensional NMR analysis. time course protection from measured for 26 back-bone amide protons that form stable hydrogen bonds upon refolding slowly under native conditions. Amide alpha-helix, as well...

A pentamethine cyanine dye has been synthesised that is fluorescent when protonated, becoming non-fluorescent upon proton abstraction. The probe a pKa of 7.5, with observable changes in the emission properties across pH range 6.0–8.0, therefore providing useful for studying biological media.

The role of the signal sequence in secretion proteins remain unclear despite extensive research. We have examined properties synthetic peptides corresponding to a family sequences derived from lamB gene Escherichia coli, including five examples known phenotype that contain mutations sequence. By circular dichroism spectroscopy, wild type and export-component mutant show high alpha-helix content membrane mimetic environments (sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles phospholipid vesicles). Tendency...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of a new combination Diskus inhaler containing both salmeterol 50 μg fluticasone propionate 250 (Seretide) with two drugs delivered via separate inhalers. DESIGN: A multicentre, double‐blind, double‐dummy study. Three hundred seventy‐one symptomatic asthma patients (age range 13 to 75 years, mean 42 years) receiving inhaled corticosteroids were randomly assigned treatement groups: 28 weeks’ treatment either salmeterol/fluticasone (50/250 bid)...

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of proteins involved in transmembrane signal transduction and actively studied because their suitability as therapeutic small-molecule drug targets. Agonist activation GPCRs almost invariably results receptor being desensitized. One key events desensitization is sequestration from cell surface into acidic intracellular endosomes. Therefore, a convenient, generic, noninvasive monitor this process desirable. A novel, pH-sensitive,...

The interaction of a chemically synthesized 25-residue signal peptide LamB protein from Escherichia coli with phospholipids has been studied film balance technique. conformation, orientation, and concentration the peptides in lipid monolayers have determined polarized infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet assay 14C-labeled transferred films. When is injected into subphase under phosphatidylethanolamine-phosphatidylglycerol monolayer at low initial pressure, insertion portion evidenced by rapid...

A series of novel functionalised benzophenoxazinones, analogues Nile Red, is prepared and their fluorescence properties evaluated. The ring system by reaction 5-diethylamino-2-nitrosophenol with 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene followed alkylation the 2-hydroxy group 6-bromohexanoic acid derivatives. Subsequent ester cleavage under a variety conditions gives 6. Replacement 9-diethylamino N-ethyl-(3-sulfonylpropyl)amino carried out to increase water solubility resulting dye 14 has similar properties....

A synthetic peptide corresponding to the signal sequence of wild type Escherichia coli X-receptor protein (LamB) inhibits in vitro translocation precursors both alkaline phosphatase and outer membrane into E. vesicles (half-maximal inhibition at 1-2 PM).By contrast, inhibitory effect was nearly absent a from mutant strain that harbors deletion mutation LamB region displays an export-defective phenotype for this vivo.Two peptides derived pseudorevertant strains arose exported vivo were found...

Abstract Two studies are diescribed in which synthetic peptides have been designed and examined to address biochemical problems inherent hydorphobic environments: (1) The cyclic hexapeptide cyclo‐( D ‐Tyr(Bzl)‐Gly‐Ile‐Leu‐Gln‐Pro) was synthesized as a model of an interior β‐turn from the protein lysozyme. Conformational analysis by proton nmr methods, including two‐dimensional nulcear Overhauser effect spectroscopy, revealed that peptide adopts one conformation chloroform/dimethyl sulfoxide...

We describe significant improvements to a well-established method of obtaining optical sectioning in conventional wide-field microscope. This relies on the projection single-frequency grid pattern onto an object followed by mathematical manipulation three images taken with different phases. Here, we present use Bayesian Spectral Analysis determine accurate estimates phase pattern, permitting rapid and precise calibration location. In common previous algorithms, multiple are combined produce...

Deprotonation of 2-phenylthiotetrahydrothiopyran 10 and addition the epoxide 14 gave 2-alkyl-tetrahydrothiopyrans 16a, b. Deprotection, followed by cyclisation using silver nitrate triethylamine in aqueous acetonitrile, monothiospiroacetals 18 19(93%), ratio 67:33. The 29 30 were similarly obtained from 26. formation dithiospiroacetals 2-phenylthiotetrahydrothiopyrans was inefficient. However, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran 25 alkylated epoxides 56, products converted into 48 50, 62 63,...

The synthesis of a fluorescein conjugate on the non-natural base P is described. ability newly synthesised fluorescein--dPTP and fluorescein-11-dUTP to compete with natural nucleotide TTP was also studied. Overall efficiency labelling nucleic acid moiety found be approximately equal.

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