In vivo microdialysis was used to assess the involvement of ventral tegmental area (VTA) mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors in modulation basal extracellular striatal dopamine (DA) DA-metabolite concentrations. Independent groups chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats were given VTA microinjections selective agonists, DA concentrations assayed using HPLC. [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO; a mu agonist) [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin (DDDPE; delta each caused dose-orderly increases...

It is well established that individual rats exhibit marked differences in behavioral responses to a novel environment. Rats high rates of locomotor activity and sustained exploration such an environment also concentrations stress-induced plasma corticosterone, linking this behavior the stress system. Furthermore, these high-responding (HR) rats, contrast their low-responding (LR) counterparts, have greater propensity self-administer drugs. Thus, HR been described as "novelty" seeking they...

Intracranial self-administration of mu- and delta-opioid agonists was demonstrated in male Long-Evans rats. Independent groups were allowed to lever-press for ventral tegmental area (VTA) microinfusions morphine, the selective mu agonist [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), delta-agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE), or ineffective drug vehicle. Morphine, DAMGO, DPDPE each effective establishing maintaining lever-pressing habits. Lever-pressing responses extinguished during a...

To provide counseling psychologists with a greater understanding of patterns personality, stress, and emotion regulation, the present study examined perfectionists' typical regulation physiological reactivity (salivary cortisol concentration) to social-evaluative stress experience. An initially large sample (N = 421) completed measures perfectionism, higher order personality factors, regulation. A subset larger 61) Trier Social Stress Test. Latent profile analysis revealed typologies...

Although autism is diagnosed according to three core features of social deficits, communication impairments, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors, other behavioral such as sensory motor impairments are present in more than 70% individuals with spectrum disorders (ASD). Exposure rat pups the teratogen valproate during sensitive periods brain development has been shown elicit associated diagnosis proposed a valid animal model disorder. The purpose this study was characterize performance...

Lower order and higher repetitive behaviors have been documented in the BTBR T+tf/J ( ) mouse strain, a model that exhibits all three core behavioral domains define autism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness environmental enrichment for reducing mice. were captured by assaying time sequence grooming, while measured using pattern analysis an object exploration task from digital recordings. Baseline scores established at 7 weeks age, followed 30 days housing either...

Abstract We examined the effects of acute and chronic stress on neurotransmission nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) in a variety brain regions. Four groups rats were exposed to variable stress, and/or single before decapitation. Group 1 served as unstressed controls. The group 2 (chronic stress/no stress) 10‐day regimen (two unpredictable stressors per day). These decapitated 20 h after last stressor. 3 (no stress/acute not but they restrained for 30 min prior 4 chronically stressed 10 days,...

Ninety-six Ss rated pain during baseline and posttreatment exposures to cold pressor pain. Between trials, in four groups were trained use one of cognitive coping strategies involving (a) imaginal reinterpretation, (b) distraction, (c) nonimaginal or (d) distraction. Two additional given: (e) an expectation for analgesia but no strategy (f) treatment. The produced equivalent attenuation ratings expectancies analgesia. Expectancy control expected analgesia, reported significant reductions. No...