A5016417029- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Space exploration and regulation
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Mechanisms of cancer metastasis
- Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
Morgan State University
2022-2024
Goddard Space Flight Center
2015-2024
Science and Technology Corporation (Norway)
2024
University of Saskatchewan
2024
Science and Technology Corporation (United States)
2023
Ames Research Center
2023
Texas A&M University
2023
Hampton University
2023
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2023
Universities Space Research Association
2015-2021
Abstract The Black Summer fire season of 2019–2020 in southeastern Australia contributed to an intense ‘super outbreak’ fire-induced and smoke-infused thunderstorms, known as pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb). More than half the 38 observed pyroCbs injected smoke particles directly into stratosphere, producing two three largest plumes at such altitudes date. Over course 3 months, these encircled a large swath Southern Hemisphere while continuing rise, manner consistent with existing nuclear winter...
Abstract. In June 2019 a stratospheric eruption occurred at Raikoke (48∘ N, 153∘ E). Satellite observations show the injection of ash and SO2 into lower stratosphere an early entrainment plume cyclone. Following eruption, aerosol optical depth (sAOD) values increased in whole Northern Hemisphere tropics remained enhanced for more than 1 year, with peak 0.040 (short-wavelength, high northern latitudes) to 0.025 average). Discrepancies between global model simulations indicate that may have...
Abstract On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai eruption injected SO 2 and H O into middle stratosphere. The produced a persistent mid‐stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer mostly confined to Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropics (Eq. 30°S). These layers are still present in 5½ months after eruption. SH tropical confinement is simulated using trajectory model. Measurements following show that slowly rising while descending. layer's upward movement consistent with residual vertical...
On 15 January 2022, the submarine Hunga Tonga volcanic eruption lofted materials high into upper stratosphere, reaching a record-breaking altitude of ∼58 km, unprecedented in satellite observations era. Within two weeks, bulk injected material circulated globe between 20-30 km altitude, as observed by instruments. We estimate that stratospheric aerosol optical depth (sAOD) is largest since Pinatubo and at least twice great sAOD after 2015 Calbubo despite similar SO
Abstract The January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption injected a relatively small amount of sulfur dioxide, but significantly more water into the stratosphere than previously seen in modern satellite record. Here we show that large resulted perturbations to stratospheric aerosol evolution. Our climate model simulation reproduces observed enhanced vapor at pressure levels ~30 hPa for three months. Compared with without injection, this additional source increases hydroxide,...
Abstract On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HT) eruption injected SO 2 and water into middle stratosphere. Shortly after eruption, vapor anomaly moved northward toward across equator. This movement appears to be due equatorial Rossby waves forced by excessive infrared cooling. Following early stage, persistent mid‐stratospheric aerosol layers were mostly confined Southern Hemisphere tropics (Eq. 30°S). However, during spring of westerly phase tropical quasi‐biennial...
Abstract. The ozone profile records of a large number limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in research. Further progress some domains depends on more detailed understanding these data sets, especially their long-term stability mutual consistency. To this end, we made systematic assessment 14 sounders that, together, provide than three decades global measurements. In particular, considered the latest operational Level-2 by SAGE II, III,...
Abstract A carbonaceous aerosol plume associated with wildfires in British Columbia August 2017 reached the stratosphere a few days following fires onset. The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) sensor onboard Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) satellite observed spatial and temporal evolution of for about 6 weeks. EPIC's near‐hourly observations Earth's sunlit disk allowed monitoring smoke several times per day. High ultraviolet index values pointed to presence an layer upper...
Abstract The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III on the International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS) was launched 19 February 2017 began routine operation in June 2017. first 2 years of SAGE III/ISS (v5.1) solar occultation ozone data were evaluated by using correlative satellite ground‐based measurements. Among three (MES, AO3, MLR) retrieved products, AO3 shows smallest bias best precision, with mean biases less than 5% for altitudes ~15–55 km midlatitudes ~20–55 tropics. In lower...
Abstract. The OMPS Limb Profiler (LP) instrument is designed to provide high-vertical-resolution ozone and aerosol profiles from measurements of the scattered solar radiation in 290–1000 nm spectral range. It collected its first Earth limb measurement on 10 January 2012 continues daily global cloud top up 60 40 km, respectively. relatively high vertical spatial sampling allow detection tracking sporadic events when particles are injected into stratosphere, such as volcanic eruptions or...
Abstract. We show that a fire plume injected into the lower stratosphere at high northern latitudes during Canadian wildfire event in August 2017 partly reached tropics. The transport to tropics was mediated by anticyclonic flow of Asian monsoon circulation. area late August/early September, when anticyclone (AMA) still place. While there is no evidence mixing center AMA, we substantial part entrained AMA edge and transported from extratropics tropics, possibly Southern Hemisphere...
Abstract. Interactions of meteorology with wildfires in British Columbia, Canada, during August 2017 led to three major pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) events that resulted the injection large amounts smoke aerosols and other combustion products at local upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS). These plumes UTLS elevated values aerosol extinction backscatter compared background state were readily tracked by multiple satellite-based instruments as they spread across Northern Hemisphere (NH)....
Abstract On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HT) eruption injected SO 2 and water into middle stratosphere. The is rapidly converted to sulfate aerosols. aerosol vapor anomalies have persisted in Southern Hemisphere throughout 2022. anomaly increases net downward IR radiative flux whereas layer reduces direct solar forcing. reduction larger than increased flux. Thus, tropospheric forcing will be negative. changes peak July August diminish thereafter. Scaling observed cooling...
Abstract. We validate the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Profile (PROFOZ) product from October 2004 through December 2014 retrieved by Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) algorithm against ozonesonde observations. also evaluate effects of OMI row anomaly (RA) on retrieval dividing dataset into before and after occurrence serious RA, i.e., pre-RA (2004–2008) post-RA (2009–2014). The shows good agreement with ozonesondes in tropics midlatitudes for pressure < ∼ 50 hPa high...
Abstract. The theoretical basis of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb (LP) Version 1 aerosol extinction retrieval algorithm is presented. uses an assumed bimodal lognormal size distribution to retrieve profiles at 675 nm from OMPS LP radiance measurements. A first-guess profile updated by iteration using Chahine nonlinear relaxation method, based on comparisons between measured calculated Gauss–Seidel limb-scattering (GSLS) radiative transfer model for a spherical-shell...
Abstract. The 21 June 2019 eruption of the Raikoke volcano (Kuril Islands, Russia; 48∘ N, 153∘ E) produced significant amounts volcanic aerosols (sulfate and ash) sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas that penetrated into lower stratosphere. dispersed SO2 sulfate in stratosphere were still detectable by multiple satellite sensors for many months after eruption. For this study aerosol clouds we use data obtained from two Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite on Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite:...
Abstract We describe our Solar Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III/ISS cloud detection algorithm observations. identify three types of clouds: visible cirrus (extinction coefficient > 3 x 10 −2 km −1 ), subvisible between −3 very low extinction cloud‐aerosol mixtures −4 ). Visible cannot be quantitatively measured by SAGE because its high extinction, but we infer the presence through termination vertical scan. then assume that layers extend 0.5 below scan height. fraction estimated in...
The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HT-HH) volcanic eruptions on January 13 and 15, 2022, produced a plume with the highest signal in stratospheric aerosol optical depth observed since eruption of Mt. Pinatubo 1991. Suites balloon-borne instruments series launches from Réunion Island intercepted HT-HH between 7 10 d eruptions, yielding observations number size distribution sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) water vapor (H O) concentrations. measurements reveal an unexpected abundance large particles plume,...
Abstract We calculate the climate forcing for 2 ys after 15 January 2022, Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (Hunga) eruption. use satellite observations of stratospheric aerosols, trace gases and temperatures to compute tropopause radiative flux changes relative climatology. Overall, net downward decreased compared The water vapor anomaly initially increases infrared flux, but this diminishes as disperses. aerosols cause a solar reduction that dominates change over most yrs period. induced...
The January 2022 Hunga eruption generated the strongest stratospheric aerosol optical depth for 30 years (e.g. Khaykin et al., 2022; Taha Bourassa 2023), but emitted only a modest 0.4-0.5Tg of SO2 to stratosphere (Carn 2022).The most explosive in satellite era (Wright 2022), an upper portion plume was initially at ~35-40km altitude (Taha main detrainment occurred lower ~27-30km, with highly unusual initial steep descent seeing layer Hunga-enhanced form ~22-26km Kloss Legras Baron 2023).The...
An intensive study to test and validate the Laser Integrating Plate Method (LIPM) of determining absorption coefficient black carbon mass was carried out. Measurements by LIPM were compared Smoke Stain Reflectometer measurements Mie calculations based on accelerator ion beam analysis (IBA) elemental composition measurements. Results show that value ϵ = 10 m2g− 1 previously used for determination, widely accepted generated combustion processes, is an inappropriate choice type measured in...
On 22 April 2015, the Calbuco volcano in Chile (Lat: 41.33 ∘ S, Long: 72.62 W) erupted after 43 years of inactivity followed by a great amount aerosol injection into atmosphere. The pyroclastic material dispersed atmosphere posed potential threat to aviation traffic and air quality over affected large area. plumes debris spread from its location Patagonian Pampean regions, reaching Atlantic Pacific Oceans neighboring countries, such as Argentina, Brazil Uruguay, driven westerly winds at...
Abstract. We developed a set of solar zenith angle, latitude- and altitude-dependent scaling factors to account for the diurnal variability in ozone (O3) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) when comparing Stratospheric Aerosol Gas Experiment (SAGE) III/ISS observations from other times day. The are calculated as function angle four-dimensional output global atmospheric chemistry model simulation 2017–2020 that shows good agreement with observed vertical profiles. Using allows us both chemically...
Beginning in February 2002, the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III) has been producing aerosol extinction profiles upper troposphere stratosphere at nine wavelengths between 384 1545 nm. An initial examination of data quality found that agree well with coincident measurements by SAGE II shape spectra suggests measurement ensemble is consistent across most wavelengths. A problem, probably associated ozone cross sections, creates small bias 755 nm possibly 869 The channel...
This paper presents the validation study of stratospheric NO 2 profiles retrieved from Odin/OSIRIS measurements limb‐scattered sunlight (version 2.4). The Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System (OSIRIS) data set is compared to coincident solar occultation by Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Stratospheric Aerosol Gas (SAGE) II, SAGE III, Polar Ozone Measurement (POAM) III during 2002–2004 period. Comparisons with seven Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenithal (SAOZ) balloon...