A5077193159- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Climate Change and Geoengineering
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Nuclear Issues and Defense
- Radioactive contamination and transfer
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Space exploration and regulation
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
Goddard Space Flight Center
2015-2024
NASA Earth Science
2024
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2016-2023
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2019
University of California, San Diego
2019
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory
2019
Ames Research Center
2019
Bay Area Environmental Research Institute
2019
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences
2019
University of Colorado Boulder
2019
[1] Anthropogenic stratospheric aerosol production, so as to reduce solar insolation and cool Earth, has been suggested an emergency response geoengineer the planet in global warming. While volcanic eruptions have innocuous examples of aerosols cooling planet, volcano analog actually argues against geoengineering because ozone depletion regional hydrologic temperature responses. To further investigate climate response, here we simulate both tropical Arctic injection sulfate precursors using...
Abstract. We present an overview of state-of-the-art chemistry–climate and chemistry transport models that are used within phase 1 the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1). The CCMI aims to conduct a detailed evaluation participating using process-oriented diagnostics derived from observations in order gain confidence models' projections stratospheric ozone layer, tropospheric composition, air quality, where applicable global climate change, interactions between them. Interpretation...
Nitrous oxide lifetime is computed empirically from MLS satellite dataEmpirical N
Recent aircraft observations show that tropospheric ozone increased above many Northern Hemisphere regions since the mid-1990s.
Abstract. Past studies have suggested that ozone in the troposphere has increased globally throughout much of 20th century due to increases anthropogenic emissions and transport. We show, by combining satellite measurements with a chemical transport model, during last four decades tropospheric does indeed indicate are global nature, yet still highly regional. Satellite from Nimbus-7 Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) merged Aura Monitoring Instrument/Microwave Limb Sounder...
Abstract. >We analyse simulations performed for the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) to estimate return dates of stratospheric ozone layer from depletion caused by anthropogenic chlorine and bromine. We consider a total 155 20 models, including range sensitivity studies which examine impact climate change on recovery. For control (unconstrained nudging towards analysed meteorology) there is large spread (±20 DU in global average) predictions absolute column. Therefore, model...
The hydroxyl radical (OH) fuels tropospheric ozone production and governs the lifetime of methane many other gases. Existing methods to quantify global OH are limited annual global-to-hemispheric averages. Finer resolution is essential for isolating model deficiencies building process-level understanding. In situ observations from Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission demonstrate that remote tightly coupled loss formaldehyde (HCHO), a major hydrocarbon oxidation product. Synthesis this...
Abstract The January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai underwater volcano injected a large amount water vapor into mid‐stratosphere. This study uses model simulations to investigate resulting stratospheric impacts out 2031. Maximum radiatively‐driven temperature changes occur in Southern Hemisphere (SH) subtropics April–May 2022, with warming ∼1 K lower stratosphere and cooling 3 radiative combined adiabatic driven by quasi‐biennial oscillation meridional circulation explains...
Strong volcanic eruptions can inject large amounts of SO 2 into the lower stratosphere, which over time, are converted sulfate aerosols and have potential to impact climate. Aerosols from tropical like 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption spread entire globe, whereas high‐latitude typically remain in hemisphere they where injected. This causes their largest radiative forcing be extratropical, climate response should different that eruptions. We conducted a 20‐member ensemble simulation Katmai (58°N)...
Abstract. Projections of stratospheric ozone from a suite chemistry-climate models (CCMs) have been analyzed. In addition to reference simulation where anthropogenic halogenated depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) vary with time, sensitivity simulations either ODS or GHG concentrations fixed at 1960 levels were performed disaggregate the drivers projected changes. These also used assess two distinct milestones returning historical values (ozone return dates) no longer...
Nile River records indicate very low flow following the 1783–1784 Laki volcanic eruption, as well after other high‐latitude eruptions. As shown by climate model simulations of significant cooling (−1° to −3°C) Northern Hemisphere land masses during boreal summer 1783 resulted in a strong dynamical effect weakening African and Indian monsoon circulations, with precipitation anomalies −1 −3 mm/day over Sahel Africa, thus producing flow. Future eruptions would significantly impact food water...
Abstract. Ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) was first proposed Molina and Rowland in their 1974 Nature paper. Since that time, the scientific connection between ozone losses CFCs other depleting substances (ODSs) has been firmly established with laboratory measurements, atmospheric observations, modeling studies. This science research led to implementation of international agreements largely stopped production ODSs. In this study we use a fully-coupled...
It has been suggested that the Toba volcanic eruption, approximately 74 ka B.P., was responsible for extended cooling period and ice sheet advance immediately following it, but previous climate model simulations, using 100 times amount of aerosols produced by 1991 Mount Pinatubo have unable to produce such a prolonged response. Here we conduct six additional simulations with two different models, National Center Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model 3.0 (CCSM3.0) Aeronautics...
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of inter‐annual variability in tropical ocean and troposphere. Its impact on tropospheric circulation causes significant changes to distribution ozone. Here we derive lower stratospheric ozone response ENSO from observations by Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instruments, both Aura satellite, compare simulated Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry‐Climate Model (GEOSCCM). Measurement...
Twenty years ago, the results of climate model simulations response to smoke and dust from a massive nuclear exchange between superpowers could be summarized as “nuclear winter,” with rapid temperature, precipitation, insolation drops at surface that would threaten global agriculture for least year. The arsenal has fallen by factor three since then, but there been an expansion number weapons states, additional states trying develop arsenals. We use modern reexamine range wars, producing 50...
We conducted simulations of the atmospheric transformation and transport emissions 1783–1784 Laki basaltic flood lava eruption (64.10°N, 17.15°W) using NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies modelE climate model coupled to a sulfur cycle chemistry model. The successfully reproduced aerosol clouds 1912 Katmai 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptions, giving us confidence in simulations. Simulations produce peak zonal mean sulfate (SO 4 ) concentrations over 70 ppbv during August into September 1783...
Previous studies have used small numbers of ice core records past volcanism to represent hemispheric or global radiative forcing from volcanic stratospheric aerosols. With the largest‐ever assembly and state‐of‐the‐art climate model simulations deposition, we now a unique opportunity investigate effects spatial variations on sulfate deposition estimates atmospheric loading. We combined 44 records, 25 Arctic 19 Antarctica, Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE study distribution aerosols...
[1] We have successfully reproduced the Ozone ENSO Index (OEI) in Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) chemistry-climate model (CCM) forced by observed sea surface temperatures over a 25-year period. The vertical ozone response to is consistent with changes Walker circulation. derive sensitivity of simulated variations using linear regression analysis. western Pacific and Indian Ocean region shows similar positive sensitivities from upper troposphere, anomalies Niño 3.4 Index. eastern...
1998-2016 ozone trends in the lower stratosphere (LS) are examined using Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) related NASA products. After removing biases resulting from step-changes MERRA-2 observations, a discernible negative trend of -1.67±0.54 Dobson units per decade (DU/decade) is found 10-km layer above tropopause between 20°N 60°N. A weaker but statistically significant -1.17±0.33 DU/decade exists 50°S 20°S. In Tropics, positive seen 5-km...
Abstract Tropospheric features preceding sudden stratospheric warming events (SSWs) are identified using a large compendium of obtained from chemistry–climate model. In agreement with recent observational studies, it is found that approximately one-third SSWs preceded by extreme episodes wave activity in the lower troposphere. The relationship becomes stronger stratosphere, where ~60% at 100 hPa. Additional analysis characterizes do or not appear to subsequently impact troposphere, referred...
Abstract This paper examines the impact of geoengineering via stratospheric sulfate aerosol on quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) using NASA Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 Chemistry Climate Model. We performed four 30 year simulations with a continuous injection sulfur dioxide equator at 0° longitude. The differ by amount injected (5 Tg/yr and 2.5 Tg/yr) altitude (16 km–25 km 22 km). find that such an dramatically alters oscillation, prolonging phase easterly shear respect to control...
Abstract Offline chemical transport models (CTMs) have traditionally been used to perform studies of atmospheric chemistry in a fixed dynamical environment. An alternative using CTMs is constrain the flow general circulation model winds from meteorological analyses. The Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) “replay” approach involves reading analyzed fields every 6 h and recomputing analysis increments, which are applied as forcing meteorology at time step. Unlike CTM, all subgrid‐scale...
We use the GEOS‐5 general circulation model to simulate transport of volcanic cloud from an eruption similar 1991 Mount Pinatubo. The simulated aerosol optical thickness and are in good agreement with observations actual Pinatubo Stratospheric Aerosol Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) vertical profiles sulfur dioxide observed by Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). tested importance initial conditions corresponding specific meteorological situation at time...