A5034174402- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- GNSS positioning and interference
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
Science Systems and Applications (United States)
2016-2025
Goddard Space Flight Center
2016-2025
NASA Earth Science
2024
Support Systems Associates (United States)
2021-2024
Met Office
2021
National Centre for Atmospheric Science
2021
United States Naval Research Laboratory
2004-2013
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2001
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2001
University of Miami
2001
The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), is the latest atmospheric reanalysis of modern satellite era produced by NASA’s Global Modeling Assimilation Office (GMAO). MERRA-2 assimilates observation types not available to its predecessor, MERRA, includes updates Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) model analysis scheme so as provide a viable ongoing climate beyond MERRA’s terminus. While addressing known limitations also intended be...
Abstract The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) is a tropical lower stratospheric, downward propagating zonal wind variation, with an average period of ~28 months. QBO has been constantly documented since 1953. Here we describe the evolution during Northern Hemisphere winter 2015–2016 using radiosonde observations and meteorological reanalyses. Normally, would show steady propagation westerly phase. In 2015–2016, there was anomalous upward displacement this phase from ~30 hPa to 15 hPa. These...
Abstract This study offers an overview of the low-frequency (i.e., monthly to seasonal) evolution, dynamics, predictability, and surface impacts a rare Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric warming that occurred in austral spring 2019. Between late August mid-September 2019, circumpolar westerly jet weakened rapidly, Antarctic temperatures rose dramatically. The deceleration vortex at 10 hPa was as drastic first-ever-observed major sudden SH during 2002, while mean over course 2019 broke...
The 1996–1997 northern hemisphere spring polar vortex was very strong, cold, and symmetric, somewhat similar to those found in the Antarctic vortex. did not form until late December symmetric from February into April. characterized by record low temperatures, ozone amounts as measured Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instruments, a wide band of strong winds lower stratosphere. Spring wave activity greatly reduced, with 100 hPa February–March eddy heat fluxes that were factor 2 any...
We have studied the mesospheric response to two recent stratospheric warmings by performing short‐term forecasts at medium (1.5°) and high (0.5°) spatial resolution under different gravity wave drag (GWD) scenarios. validated our models with high‐altitude analysis that extends from 0 90 km. For minor warming of January 2008, reduced upper‐level orographic GWD weakened downward residual circulation cooled mesosphere. Parameterized nonorographic increased simulated cooling. prolonged major...
1998-2016 ozone trends in the lower stratosphere (LS) are examined using Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) related NASA products. After removing biases resulting from step-changes MERRA-2 observations, a discernible negative trend of -1.67±0.54 Dobson units per decade (DU/decade) is found 10-km layer above tropopause between 20°N 60°N. A weaker but statistically significant -1.17±0.33 DU/decade exists 50°S 20°S. In Tropics, positive seen 5-km...
Observations from the Sounding of Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment on NASA/Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite show an unusual vertical displacement winter Arctic stratopause in 2006 zonal mean temperatures at 0.01 hPa (∼78 km) exceeding 250 K. By contrast, conventional location near 0.7 (∼50 km), were unusually cold. Simulations NOGAPS‐ALPHA model suggest that these are coupled to warm disturbed lower stratosphere...
The structure, dynamics, and ozone signal of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation produced by 35-year NASA MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research Applications) reanalysis are examined based on monthly mean output. Along with analysis QBO in assimilation winds ozone, forcings created assimilated observations, parameterized gravity wave drag, chemistry parameterization compared original MERRA system. Results show that produces a realistic zonal winds, meridional circulation, over...
Abstract The Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) has recently released a new version of the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Subseasonal to Seasonal prediction (S2S) system, GEOS‐S2S‐2, that represents substantial improvement in performance infrastructure over previous system. system is described here detail, results are presented from forecasts, climate equillibrium simulations, data assimilation experiments. or state atmosphere ocean showed reduction bias relative...
A significant disruption of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) occurred during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter 2015-16. Since QBO is major wind variability source in tropical lower stratosphere and influences rate ascent air entering stratosphere, understanding cause this singular may provide new insights into sensitivity global climate system. Here we examine disruptive event using reanalysis winds temperatures from 1980-2016. Results reveal record maxima horizontal momentum fluxes wave...
Abstract The quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) of tropical stratospheric winds was disrupted during the 2019/20 Northern Hemisphere winter. We show that this latest disruption to regular QBO cycling similar in many respects seen 2016, but initiated by horizontal momentum transport from Southern Hemisphere. predictable signal associated with QBO's quasi‐regular phase progression is lost disruptions and reemerges after a few months significantly shifted what would be expected if it had...
Abstract The 15 January 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai underwater volcano (20.5°S, 175.4°W) injected a record amount water directly into stratosphere. This study attempts to quantify this impact on temperature, as well subsequent changes stratospheric circulation, during months following based reanalysis fields. extreme nature wind, and circulation are tracked through comparisons first six with previous 42 years. Examination data assimilation process shows that at 20 hPa...
To investigate the effects of middle atmosphere on climate, World Climate Research Programme is supporting project “Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate” (SPARC). A central theme SPARC, to examine model simulations coupled troposphere–middle system, being performed through initiative called GRIPS (GCM-Reality Intercomparison Project for SPARC). In this paper, an overview objectives given. Initial activities include assessment performance climate models, preliminary results from...
We used temperature data from the Sounding of Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) on NASA TIMED satellite to quantify connection between temperatures in stratosphere and mesosphere lower thermosphere. Specifically, we studied three winter periods where stratospheric were dynamically disturbed: February 2002, August, 2003. The SABER show a clear signature mesospheric coolings concert warmings. Mesospheric 0.7 hPa 0.01 significant anticorrelation temperatures. For pressures...
Abstract This study investigates tropical waves and their role in driving a quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO)-like signal stratospheric winds global 7-km-horizontal-resolution atmospheric general circulation model. The Nature Run (NR) is 2-yr mesoscale simulation of the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 (GEOS-5). In tropics, there evidence that NR supports broad range convectively generated waves. precipitation spectrum resembles observed many aspects, including preference for...
The NASA Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) provides recent estimates and 5-day forecasts of atmospheric composition to the public in near-real time. To do this, GEOS system model is coupled with GEOS-Chem tropospheric-stratospheric unified chemistry extension (UCX) represent from surface top atmosphere (0.01 hPa). GEOS-CF described, including updates made UCX mechanism within for improved representation stratospheric chemistry. Comparisons are against...
We examine the evolution of quasi 2‐day wave in middle atmosphere during period from 5 January to February 2006 using global synoptic meteorological fields high‐altitude Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System Advanced Level Physics, High Altitude (NOGAPS‐ALPHA) forecast‐assimilation system. This is characterized by a high level planetary activity Northern Hemisphere (winter) extratropical stratosphere prior sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on 20 2006. Space‐time spectral...
Abstract The major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) of 6 January 2013 is examined using output from the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) near-real-time data assimilation system (DAS). GEOS-5 analyses showed that SSW was a by 1200 UTC January, with wave-2 vortex-splitting pattern. Upward wave activity flux upper troposphere (~23 December 2012) displaced ~10-hPa polar vortex off pole in wave-1 pattern, enabling poleward...
Abstract Using a decade of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations, we show distinctly different N 2 O distributions in Southern Hemisphere winter that depend on the phase quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). Composites nitrous oxide (N O) anomalies calculated for westerly and easterly phases QBO‐generated variability originating subtropical middle stratosphere fills midlatitude surf zone by late winter. After spring vortex breakup, anomaly is transported to Antarctic where it remains until...
Abstract. The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) is a quasiperiodic alternation between easterly and westerly zonal winds in the tropical stratosphere, propagating downward from middle stratosphere to tropopause with period that varies 24 32 months ( ∼ 28 on average). QBO wind oscillations affect distribution of chemical constituents, such as ozone (O3), water vapor (H2O), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrochloric acid (HCl), through QBO-induced meridional circulation. In 2015–2016 winter, radiosonde...
Abstract The behavior of the tropopause inversion layer (TIL) during 2009 sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) is analyzed using NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), short-term simulations with MERRA-2 general circulation model. Consistent previous studies, it found that static stability in a shallow above polar sharply increases following SSW, leading to strengthening high-latitude TIL. Simultaneously, height thermal decreases by around...
Abstract The Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar (SAAMER), located at Tierra del Fuego (53.7°S, 67.7°W), has been providing near‐continuous high‐resolution measurements of winds and high‐frequency gravity wave (GW) momentum fluxes the mesopause region since May 2008. As SAAMER is in lee largest seasonal GW hot spot on Earth, this a key location to study GWs their interaction with large‐scale motions. flux climatologies are shown for first time discussed light these unique dynamics....