A5053399801- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Climate change and permafrost
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Underwater Acoustics Research
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
Goddard Institute for Space Studies
2014-2024
Columbia University
2003-2022
Goddard Space Flight Center
1995-2014
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
1995-2011
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
2008
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
1973-2001
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2001
Freie Universität Berlin
2001
Harvard University
1999
Georgia Institute of Technology
1999
We use a global climate model to compare the effectiveness of many forcing agents for producing change. find substantial range in “efficacy” different forcings, where efficacy is temperature response per unit relative CO 2 forcing. Anthropogenic CH 4 has ∼110%, which increases ∼145% when its indirect effects on stratospheric H O and tropospheric 3 are included, yielding an effective ∼0.8 W/m period 1750–2000 making largest anthropogenic other than . Black carbon (BC) aerosols from biomass...
A global atmospheric model is developed with a computational efficiency which allows long-range climate experiments. The solves the simultaneous equations for conservation of mass, energy and momentum, equation state on grid. Differencing schemes dynamics are based work Arakawa; do not need any viscosity numerical stability, can thus yield good results coarse resolution. Radiation computed semi-implicit spectral integration, including all significant gases, aerosols cloud particles. Cloud...
The global temperature rose by 0.2 degrees C between the middle 1960's and 1980, yielding a warming of 0.4 in past century. This increase is consistent with calculated greenhouse effect due to measured increases atmospheric carbon dioxide. Variations volcanic aerosols possibly solar luminosity appear be primary causes observed fluctuations about mean trend increasing temperature. It shown that anthropogenic dioxide should emerge from noise level natural climate variability end century, there...
We use a three‐dimensional climate model, the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) model II with 8° by 10° horizontal resolution, to simulate global effects of time‐dependent variations atmospheric trace gases and aerosols. Horizontal heat transport ocean is fixed at values estimated today's climate, uptake perturbations beneath mixed layer approximated as vertical diffusion. make 100‐year control run perform experiments three scenarios composition. These begin in 1958 include measured...
Abstract A full description of the ModelE version Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) and results are presented present-day climate simulations (ca. 1979). This is a complete rewrite previous models incorporating numerous improvements in basic physics, stratospheric circulation, forcing fields. Notable changes include following: top now above stratopause, number vertical layers has increased, new cloud microphysical scheme used, vegetation...
A simple parameterization has been developed to simulate global lightning distributions. Convective cloud top height is used as the variable in parameterization, with different formulations for continental and marine thunderstorms. The validated using two data sets: one regional. In both cases simulated distributions frequencies are very good agreement observed data. This could be studies of climatology; Earth's electric circuit; general circulation models modeling activity, atmospheric NO x...
We examine the climate response to solar irradiance changes between late 17th-century Maunder Minimum and 18th century. Global average temperature are small (about 0.3 degrees 0.4 C) in both a model empirical reconstructions. However, regional quite large. In model, these occur primarily through forced shift toward low index state of Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation as decreases. This leads colder temperatures over Northern Hemisphere continents, especially winter (1 2 C),...
Previous studies have shown strong contrasting trends in annual sea ice duration and monthly concentration two regions of the Southern Ocean: decreases western Antarctic Peninsula/southern Bellingshausen Sea (wAP/sBS) region increases Ross (wRS) region. To better understand evolution these regional trends, we utilize full temporal (quasi‐daily) resolution satellite‐derived data to track spatially edge advance retreat from 1979 2004. These newly analyzed reveal that is retreating 31 ± 10 days...
Abstract We present a description of the ModelE2 version Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) General Circulation Model (GCM) and configurations used in simulations performed Coupled Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). use six variations related to treatment atmospheric composition, calculation aerosol indirect effects, ocean model component. Specifically, we test difference between models that have noninteractive where radiatively important aerosols ozone are prescribed from...
Results from a global climate model including an interactive parameterization of stratospheric chemistry show how upper ozone changes may amplify observed, 11-year solar cycle irradiance to affect climate. In the model, circulation initially induced in stratosphere subsequently penetrate into troposphere, demonstrating importance dynamical coupling between and troposphere. The reproduces many observed oscillations, relatively long record geopotential height variations; hence, it implies that...
This bi‐polar analysis resolves ice edge changes on space/time scales relevant for investigating seasonal ice‐ocean feedbacks and focuses spatio‐temporal in the timing of annual sea retreat advance over 1979/80 to 2010/11. Where Arctic decrease is fastest, now nearly 2 months earlier subsequent more than 1 month later (compared 1979/80), resulting a 3‐month longer summer ice‐free season. In Antarctic Peninsula Bellingshausen Sea region, later, contrast, western Ross (Antarctica) are...
This paper describes the GISS-E2.1 contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6). model version differs from predecessor (GISS-E2) chiefly due parameterization improvements atmospheric and ocean components, while keeping resolution same. skill when compared modern era climatologies is significantly higher than in previous versions. Additionally, updates forcings have a material impact on results. In particular, there been specific representations of modes variability...
Ample physical evidence shows that carbon dioxide (CO(2)) is the single most important climate-relevant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere. This because CO(2), like ozone, N(2)O, CH(4), and chlorofluorocarbons, does not condense precipitate from atmosphere at current climate temperatures, whereas water vapor can does. Noncondensing gases, which account for 25% of total terrestrial effect, thus serve to provide stable temperature structure sustains levels atmospheric clouds via feedback...
CLIMAP (1981, “Seasonal Reconstruction of the Earth's Surface at Last Glacial Maximum,” Geological Society America Map and Chart Series MC-36) boundary conditions were used as inputs to GISS general circulation model, last glacial maximum (LGM) climate was simulated for six model years. The simulation compared with snow line depression pollen-inferred temperature data low latitudes, specifically Hawaii, Colombia, East Africa, New Guinea. does not produced much cooling latitudes is implied by...
Amplification of the northern hemisphere seasonal cycle insolation during mid‐Holocene causes a northward shift main regions monsoon precipitation over Africa and India in all 18 simulations conducted for Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Differences among are related to differences model formulation. Despite qualitative agreement with paleoecological estimates biome shifts, magnitude increases underestimated by models.
Global 3‐D tropospheric chemistry models in the literature show large differences global budget terms for ozone. The ozone production rate troposphere, P ( O x ), varies from 2300 to 5300 Tg yr −1 across describing present‐day atmosphere. ensemble mean of ) post‐2000 is 35% higher than that compiled Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report (TAR). Simulations conducted with GEOS‐Chem model using two different assimilated meteorological data sets 2001 (GEOS‐3...
To distinguish between simultaneous natural and anthropogenic impacts on surface temperature, regionally as well globally, we perform a robust multivariate analysis using the best available estimates of each together with observed temperature record from 1889 to 2006. The results enable us compare, for first time observations, geographical distributions responses individual influences consistent their global impacts. We find response solar forcing quite different that reported in several...
The likelihood of future drought is studied on the basis two indices calculated from Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model (GISS GCM) transient and doubled CO 2 climate changes. We use Palmer severity index (PDSI) a new supply‐demand (SDDI), latter being difference between precipitation potential evapotranspiration E p , i.e., atmospheric supply demand moisture. Both show increasing United States during next century, with effects becoming apparent in 1990s. If...