A5027620526- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Climate variability and models
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Tree-ring climate responses
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Diverse Education Studies and Reforms
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Hydraulic flow and structures
- Education Methods and Practices
- Engineering Education and Pedagogy
- Radioactivity and Radon Measurements
Columbia University
2014-2024
Goddard Institute for Space Studies
2015-2024
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2006-2024
Medscape
2023
Colorado School of Mines
2002-2012
University of Washington
2008
Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis
2002
Environmental Protection Agency
1998
Dow Chemical (India)
1997
Langley Research Center
1997
We use a global climate model to compare the effectiveness of many forcing agents for producing change. find substantial range in “efficacy” different forcings, where efficacy is temperature response per unit relative CO 2 forcing. Anthropogenic CH 4 has ∼110%, which increases ∼145% when its indirect effects on stratospheric H O and tropospheric 3 are included, yielding an effective ∼0.8 W/m period 1750–2000 making largest anthropogenic other than . Black carbon (BC) aerosols from biomass...
Abstract. This study presents the results of a broad intercomparison total 15 global aerosol models within AeroCom project. Each model is compared to observations related desert dust aerosols, their direct radiative effect, and impact on biogeochemical cycle, i.e., optical depth (AOD) deposition. Additional comparisons Angström exponent (AE), coarse mode AOD surface concentrations are included extend assessment performance identify common biases present in models. These data comprise...
Abstract A full description of the ModelE version Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) and results are presented present-day climate simulations (ca. 1979). This is a complete rewrite previous models incorporating numerous improvements in basic physics, stratospheric circulation, forcing fields. Notable changes include following: top now above stratopause, number vertical layers has increased, new cloud microphysical scheme used, vegetation...
Abstract We present a description of the ModelE2 version Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) General Circulation Model (GCM) and configurations used in simulations performed Coupled Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). use six variations related to treatment atmospheric composition, calculation aerosol indirect effects, ocean model component. Specifically, we test difference between models that have noninteractive where radiatively important aerosols ozone are prescribed from...
The effect of radiative forcing by soil dust aerosols upon climate is calculated. Two atmospheric GCM (AGCM) simulations are compared, one containing a prescribed seasonally varying concentration aerosols, and the other omitting dust. Each simulation includes mixed layer ocean model, which allows SST to change in response reduction surface net radiation Dust reduce both absorbing reflecting sunlight. For optical properties particles assumed here, reflection sunlight largely offset trapping...
This paper describes the GISS-E2.1 contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6). model version differs from predecessor (GISS-E2) chiefly due parameterization improvements atmospheric and ocean components, while keeping resolution same. skill when compared modern era climatologies is significantly higher than in previous versions. Additionally, updates forcings have a material impact on results. In particular, there been specific representations of modes variability...
For absorbing aerosols like soil (or “mineral”) dust, radiative forcing at the surface differs substantially from value top of atmosphere (TOA). The climate response depends not only upon TOA forcing, but its difference with respect to value, which represents heating within atmosphere. Surface alters evaporation and hydrologic cycle, feeds back aerosol burden through efficiency wet deposition. We calculate by dust global sensitivity varying aspects distribution that are poorly constrained...
We examine the annular mode within each hemisphere (defined here as leading empirical orthogonal function and principal component of hemispheric sea level pressure) simulated by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report ensembles coupled ocean‐atmosphere models. The patterns exhibit a high spatial correlation with observed during late 20th century, though represents too large percentage total temporal variability hemisphere. In response to increasing concentrations...
Mineral dust aerosol is created by wind erosion of soil particles. In addition to its direct radiative effect, mediates ocean carbon uptake and the chemical cycles other aerosols like sulfates. Dust observations during past decade span measurements local concentration deposition global satellite retrievals optical thickness [ Prospero et al ., 2002]. Measurements emission, whereby particles enter atmosphere, are scarce. Because no single data set sufficient constrain three‐dimensional...
The “Dust Bowl” drought of the 1930s was highly unusual for North America, deviating from typical pattern forced by “La Nina” with maximum drying in central and northern Plains, warm temperature anomalies across almost entire continent, widespread dust storms. General circulation models (GCMs), sea surface temperatures (SSTs) 1930s, produce a drought, but one that is centered southwestern America without warming middle continent. Here, we show inclusion forcing human land degradation during...
Abstract. The effective radiative forcing, which includes the instantaneous forcing plus adjustments from atmosphere and surface, has emerged as key metric of evaluating human natural influence on climate. We evaluate in 17 contemporary climate models that are participating Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) have contributed to Radiative Forcing (RFMIP). Present-day (2014) global-mean anthropogenic relative pre-industrial (1850) levels stands at 2.00 (±0.23) W m−2, comprised 1.81...
Abstract. We investigate the issue of "dangerous human-made interference with climate" using simulations GISS modelE driven by measured or estimated forcings for 1880–2003 and extended to 2100 IPCC greenhouse gas scenarios as well "alternative" scenario Hansen Sato (2004). Identification "dangerous" effects is partly subjective, but we find evidence that added global warming more than 1°C above level in 2000 has may be highly disruptive. The alternative scenario, peak forcing ~1.5 W/m2 2100,...
Abstract. Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, relative contributions of world's major source regions to global cycle remain poorly constrained. This problem hinders accounting for potentially large impact regional differences properties on clouds, energy balance, and terrestrial marine biogeochemical cycles. Here, we constrain contribution each main cycle. We use an analytical framework that integrates ensemble model simulations with...
Abstract Particulate matter is a major concern for public health, causing cancer and cardiopulmonary mortality. Therefore, governments in most industrialized countries monitor set limits particulate matter. To assist policy makers, it important to connect the chemical composition severity of pollution its sources. Here we show how agricultural practices, livestock production, use nitrogen fertilizers impact near‐surface air quality. In many densely populated areas, aerosols formed from gases...
The relative contributions of atmospheric long‐wave absorbers to the present‐day global greenhouse effect are among most misquoted statistics in public discussions climate change. Much interest these values is however due an implicit assumption that directly relevant for question sensitivity. Motivated by need a clear reference this issue, we review existing literature and use Goddard Institute Space Studies ModelE radiation module provide overview role each absorber at under doubled CO 2 ....
Abstract. We describe and evaluate the NMMB/BSC-Dust, a new dust aerosol cycle model embedded online within NCEP Non-hydrostatic Multiscale Model (NMMB). NMMB is further evolution of operational Mesoscale (WRF-NMM), which together with other upgrades has been extended from meso to global scales. Its unified non-hydrostatic dynamical core prepared for regional simulation domains. The NMMB/BSC-Dust intended provide short medium-range weather forecasts scales represents first step towards...
Abstract The Earth's climate is rapidly changing. Over the past centuries, aerosols, via their ability to absorb or scatter solar radiation and alter clouds, played an important role in counterbalancing some of greenhouse gas (GHG) caused global warming. multicentury anthropogenic aerosol cooling effect prevented present‐day from reaching even higher surface air temperatures subsequent more dramatic impacts. Trends concentrations optical depth show that many polluted regions such as Europe...
Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, atmospheric models struggle to accurately represent its spatial and temporal distribution. These model errors are partially caused fundamental difficulties simulating emission coarse-resolution representing microphysical properties. Here we mitigate these problems developing a new methodology that yields an improved representation of global cycle. We present analytical framework uses inverse modeling...
Abstract. The large uncertainty in the mineral dust direct radiative effect (DRE) hinders projections of future climate change due to anthropogenic activity. Resolving modeled speciation allows for spatially and temporally varying refractive indices consistent with aerosol composition. Here, first time, we quantify range DRE at top atmosphere (TOA) current uncertainties surface soil mineralogical content using a mineral-resolving model. We propagate observed abundances from two mineralogy...
The Earth surface Mineral dust source InvesTigation (EMIT) is a remote visible to shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometer that has been operating onboard the International Space Station since July 2022. This article describes EMIT's on-orbit spectroradiometric calibration and validation. Accurate spectroscopy vital achieve consistent mapping results with orbital spectrometers. EMIT takes unique approach this challenge, just six optical elements, no shutter, systems. Its simple design...
The Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) climate‐middle atmosphere model has been used to study the impacts of increasing greenhouse gases, polar ozone depletion, volcanic eruptions, and solar cycle variability. We focus on projection induced responses onto Northern Hemisphere winter surface climate. Changes in model's climate take place largely through enhancement existing variability patterns, with eruptions primarily affecting Arctic Oscillation (AO) pattern. Perturbations descend...
Abstract The U.S. Congress has passed legislation requiring the Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to develop, validate, and implement screening tests for identifying potential endocrine‐disrupting chemicals within 3 years. To aid in identification of methods suitable this purpose, EPA, Chemical Manufacturers Association, World Wildlife Fund sponsored several workshops, including present one, which dealt with wildlife species. This workshop was convened 30 international scientists...