Fiona M. O’Connor
A5070540282- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Fire effects on ecosystems
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Global Health Care Issues
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Science and Climate Studies
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Climate change and permafrost
Met Office
2015-2024
University of Exeter
2022-2024
Phillips Exeter Academy
2022-2024
University of Bristol
2024
Exeter Hospital
2012-2023
Lancaster University
2022
National Centre for Atmospheric Science
2001-2019
University of Cambridge
2003-2019
Mary Immaculate College
2006
Limerick Institute of Technology
2006
Abstract. We describe here the development and evaluation of an Earth system model suitable for centennial-scale climate prediction. The principal new components added to physical are terrestrial ocean ecosystems gas-phase tropospheric chemistry, along with their coupled interactions. individual described briefly relevant interactions between explained. Because multiple could lead unstable feedbacks, we go through a careful process spin up ensure that all stable balanced. This spun-up...
We document the development of first version U.K. Earth System Model UKESM1. The model represents a major advance on its predecessor HadGEM2-ES, with enhancements to all component models and new feedback mechanisms. These include core physical well-resolved stratosphere; terrestrial biogeochemistry coupled carbon nitrogen cycles enhanced land management; tropospheric-stratospheric chemistry allowing holistic simulation radiative forcing from ozone, methane, nitrous oxide; two-moment,...
Abstract. We describe the HadGEM2 family of climate configurations Met Office Unified Model, MetUM. The concept a model "family" comprises range specific incorporating different levels complexity but with common physical framework. includes atmosphere and ocean components, without vertical extension to include well-resolved stratosphere, an Earth-System (ES) component which dynamic vegetation, biology atmospheric chemistry. improvements designed address systematic errors encountered in...
Abstract. The scientific understanding of the Earth's climate system, including central question how system is likely to respond human-induced perturbations, comprehensively captured in GCMs and Earth System Models (ESM). Diagnosing simulated response, comparing responses across different models, crucially dependent on transparent assumptions GCM/ESM has been driven – especially because implementation can involve subjective decisions may differ between modelling groups performing same...
Abstract. We present an overview of state-of-the-art chemistry–climate and chemistry transport models that are used within phase 1 the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1). The CCMI aims to conduct a detailed evaluation participating using process-oriented diagnostics derived from observations in order gain confidence models' projections stratospheric ozone layer, tropospheric composition, air quality, where applicable global climate change, interactions between them. Interpretation...
Abstract. In this paper, we present a description of the tropospheric chemistry component UK Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) model which has been coupled to Met Office Hadley Centre's HadGEM family climate models. We assess model's transport scavenging processes, in particular focussing on convective transport, boundary layer mixing, wet inter-hemispheric exchange. Simulations with UKCA short-lived radon tracer suggest that modelled distributions are comparable those other models comparison...
Abstract. The UK Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) model is a new aerosol-chemistry coupled to the Met Office Unified Model capable of simulating composition climate from troposphere mesosphere. Here we introduce assess its performance with particular focus on stratosphere. A 20-year perpetual year-2000 simulation forms basis our analysis. We basic derived dynamical chemical fields compare ERA-40 reanalyses satellite climatologies. Polar temperatures lifetime southern polar vortex are well...
Abstract. The effective radiative forcing, which includes the instantaneous forcing plus adjustments from atmosphere and surface, has emerged as key metric of evaluating human natural influence on climate. We evaluate in 17 contemporary climate models that are participating Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) have contributed to Radiative Forcing (RFMIP). Present-day (2014) global-mean anthropogenic relative pre-industrial (1850) levels stands at 2.00 (±0.23) W m−2, comprised 1.81...
Abstract We describe the scientific and technical implementation of two models for a core set experiments contributing to sixth phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The used are physical atmosphere‐land‐ocean‐sea ice model HadGEM3‐GC3.1 Earth system UKESM1 which adds carbon‐nitrogen cycle atmospheric chemistry HadGEM3‐GC3.1. results constrained by external boundary conditions (forcing data) initial conditions. outline rationale assumptions made in specifying these. Notable...
Abstract. Here we present a description of the UKCA StratTrop chemical mechanism, which is used in UKESM1 Earth system model for CMIP6. The mechanism merger previously well-evaluated tropospheric and stratospheric mechanisms, provide results from series bespoke integrations to assess overall performance model. We find that scheme performs well when compared wide array observations. analysis here focuses on key components atmospheric composition, namely simulate ozone stratosphere troposphere...
Abstract. We describe here the development and evaluation of an Earth system model suitable for centennial-scale climate prediction. The principal new components added to physical are terrestrial ocean ecosystems gas-phase tropospheric chemistry, along with their coupled interactions. individual described briefly relevant interactions between explained. Because multiple could lead unstable feedbacks, we go through a careful process spin up ensure that all stable balanced. This spun-up...
Abstract. Poor air quality is currently responsible for large impacts on human health across the world. In addition, pollutants ozone (O3) and particulate matter less than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) are also radiatively active atmosphere can influence Earth's climate. It important to understand effect of climate mitigation measures over historical period different future scenarios ascertain any from both health. The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) presents an...
Abstract. The evolution of tropospheric ozone from 1850 to 2100 has been studied using data Phase 6 the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We evaluate long-term changes coupled atmosphere–ocean chemistry–climate models, focusing on CMIP Historical and ScenarioMIP ssp370 experiments, for which detailed tropospheric-ozone diagnostics were archived. model ensemble evaluated against a suite surface, sonde satellite observations past several decades found reproduce well salient...
Abstract. We document and evaluate the aerosol schemes as implemented in physical Earth system models, Global Coupled 3.1 configuration of Hadley Centre Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3-GC3.1) United Kingdom System (UKESM1), which are contributing to sixth Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The simulation aerosols present-day period historical ensemble these models is evaluated against a range observations. Updates microphysics scheme documented well differences representation between...
Abstract. >We analyse simulations performed for the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) to estimate return dates of stratospheric ozone layer from depletion caused by anthropogenic chlorine and bromine. We consider a total 155 20 models, including range sensitivity studies which examine impact climate change on recovery. For control (unconstrained nudging towards analysed meteorology) there is large spread (±20 DU in global average) predictions absolute column. Therefore, model...
Abstract. This paper quantifies the pre-industrial (1850) to present-day (2014) effective radiative forcing (ERF) of anthropogenic emissions NOX, volatile organic compounds (VOCs; including CO), SO2, NH3, black carbon, and concentrations methane, N2O ozone-depleting halocarbons, using CMIP6 models. Concentration emission changes reactive species can cause multiple in composition radiatively active species: tropospheric ozone, stratospheric water vapour, secondary inorganic aerosol, methane....
Abstract. Feedbacks play a fundamental role in determining the magnitude of response climate system to external forcing, such as from anthropogenic emissions. The latest generation Earth models includes aerosol and chemistry components that interact with each other biosphere. These interactions introduce complex web feedbacks is important understand quantify. This paper addresses multiple pathways for chemical models. focus on changes natural emissions (dust, sea salt, dimethyl sulfide,...
Abstract This work presents an analysis of the effect climate change on surface ozone discussing related penalties and benefits around globe from global modelling perspective based simulations with five CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) Earth System Models. As part AerChemMIP (Aerosol Chemistry Project) all models conducted simulation experiments considering future (ssp370SST) present-day (ssp370pdSST) under same emissions trajectory (SSP3-7.0). A multi-model average...
An off‐line three‐dimensional tropospheric chemical transport model, parallel–Tropospheric Off‐Line Model of Chemistry and Transport ( p ‐TOMCAT), has been extended by incorporating a detailed bromine chemistry scheme that contains gas‐phase reactions heterogeneous on both cloud particles background aerosols. Bromine emission from bromocarbon photo‐oxidation sea‐salt depletion removal through dry wet deposition are included. Using this ozone budgets studied. The zonal mean the inorganic...
A global three‐dimensional chemical transport model has been used to simulate atmospheric bromoform using a variety of prescribed surface emission scenarios and simple chemistry scheme. Model simulations indicate that emissions calculated previously top‐down methods are too low, likely be significantly larger than suggested in the World Meteorological Organization's reports on Scientific Assessment Ozone Depletion 1998 2002. Our suggest range 400–600 GgCHBr 3 /yr large proportion situated...