S. M. Frith
A5005016319- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Climate variability and models
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
- Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- COVID-19 impact on air quality
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Coastal and Marine Management
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Hydrology and Drought Analysis
- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Vehicle emissions and performance
Goddard Space Flight Center
2014-2024
Science Systems and Applications (United States)
2014-2024
NASA Earth Science
2024
NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory
2024
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
2015-2022
System Science Applications (United States)
2010
Simulations of the stratosphere from thirteen coupled chemistry‐climate models (CCMs) are evaluated to provide guidance for interpretation ozone predictions made by same CCMs. The focus evaluation is on how well fields and processes that important determining distribution represented in simulations recent past. core period 1980 1999 but long‐term trends compared an extended (1960–2004). Comparisons polar high‐latitude temperatures show most CCMs have only small biases Northern Hemisphere...
Simulations from eleven coupled chemistry‐climate models (CCMs) employing nearly identical forcings have been used to project the evolution of stratospheric ozone throughout 21st century. The model‐to‐model agreement in projected temperature trends is good, and all CCMs predict continued, global mean cooling stratosphere over next 5 decades, increasing around 0.25 K/decade at 50 hPa 1 under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B...
The impact of stratospheric ozone on the tropospheric general circulation Southern Hemisphere (SH) is examined with a set chemistry‐climate models participating in Stratospheric Processes and their Role Climate (SPARC)/Chemistry‐Climate Model Validation project phase 2 (CCMVal‐2). integrations both past future climates reveal crucial role driving SH change: stronger depletion late spring generally leads to greater poleward displacement intensification midlatitude jet, expansion Hadley cell...
Abstract. Ozone forms in the Earth's atmosphere from photodissociation of molecular oxygen, primarily tropical stratosphere. It is then transported to extratropics by Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC), forming a protective ozone layer around globe. Human emissions halogen-containing ozone-depleting substances (hODSs) led decline stratospheric until they were banned Montreal Protocol, and since 1998 upper stratosphere rising again, likely recovery halogen-induced losses. Total column...
Abstract The response of stratospheric climate and circulation to increasing amounts greenhouse gases (GHGs) ozone recovery in the twenty-first century is analyzed simulations 11 chemistry–climate models using near-identical forcings experimental setup. In addition an overall global cooling stratosphere (0.59 ± 0.07 K decade−1 at 10 hPa), causes a warming Southern Hemisphere polar lower summer with enhanced above. rate correlates projected by and, on average, changes from 0.8 0.48 100 hPa as...
The assimilated ozone product from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), produced at NASA’s Global Modeling Assimilation Office (GMAO) spanning time period 1980 to present is described herein, its quality assessed. MERRA-2 assimilates partial column retrievals a series of Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer (SBUV) instruments on NASA NOAA spacecraft between January September 2004: starting in October 2004, retrieved profiles Microwave...
Abstract. We report on updated trends using different merged datasets from satellite and ground-based observations for the period 1979 to 2016. Trends were determined by applying a multiple linear regression (MLR) annual mean zonal data. Merged used here include NASA MOD v8.6 National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) merge v8.6, both based data series of Solar Backscatter UltraViolet (SBUV) SBUV-2 instruments (1978–present) as well Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME)-type...
Abstract. Past studies have suggested that ozone in the troposphere has increased globally throughout much of 20th century due to increases anthropogenic emissions and transport. We show, by combining satellite measurements with a chemical transport model, during last four decades tropospheric does indeed indicate are global nature, yet still highly regional. Satellite from Nimbus-7 Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) merged Aura Monitoring Instrument/Microwave Limb Sounder...
Abstract. Ozone profile trends over the period 2000 to 2016 from several merged satellite ozone data sets and ground-based measured by four techniques at stations of Network for Detection Atmospheric Composition Change indicate significant increases in upper stratosphere, between 35 48 km altitude (5 1 hPa). Near 2 hPa (42 km), has been increasing about 1.5 % per decade tropics (20° S 20° N), 2.5 60° latitude bands both hemispheres. At levels below hPa), are smaller not statistically...
Abstract. >We analyse simulations performed for the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) to estimate return dates of stratospheric ozone layer from depletion caused by anthropogenic chlorine and bromine. We consider a total 155 20 models, including range sensitivity studies which examine impact climate change on recovery. For control (unconstrained nudging towards analysed meteorology) there is large spread (±20 DU in global average) predictions absolute column. Therefore, model...
Abstract. We report on updated trends using different merged zonal mean total ozone datasets from satellite and ground-based observations for the period 1979 to 2020. This work is an update of reported in Weber et al. (2018) same up 2016. Merged used this study include NASA MOD v8.7 NOAA Cohesive Data (COH) v8.6, both based data series Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV), SBUV-2, Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) instruments (1978–present), as well Global Monitoring Experiment (GOME)-type...
Abstract. Projections of stratospheric ozone from a suite chemistry-climate models (CCMs) have been analyzed. In addition to reference simulation where anthropogenic halogenated depleting substances (ODSs) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) vary with time, sensitivity simulations either ODS or GHG concentrations fixed at 1960 levels were performed disaggregate the drivers projected changes. These also used assess two distinct milestones returning historical values (ozone return dates) no longer...
Abstract. Ozone depletion by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) was first proposed Molina and Rowland in their 1974 Nature paper. Since that time, the scientific connection between ozone losses CFCs other depleting substances (ODSs) has been firmly established with laboratory measurements, atmospheric observations, modeling studies. This science research led to implementation of international agreements largely stopped production ODSs. In this study we use a fully-coupled...
Abstract The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) Merged Ozone Data Set (MOD) provides the longest available satellite‐based time series of profile and total ozone from a single instrument type. data span 44 year period 1970 to 2013 (except 5 gap in 1970s). nine independent SBUV‐type instruments are included record, one which is still operating. Although modifications design were made evolution Nimbus‐4 Backscattered modern SBUV(/2) model, basic principles measurement technique retrieval...
The goal of the Chemistry‐Climate Model Validation (CCMVal) activity is to improve understanding chemistry‐climate models (CCMs) through process‐oriented evaluation and provide reliable projections stratospheric ozone its impact on climate. An appreciation details model formulations essential for how respond changing external forcings greenhouse gases ozone‐depleting substances, hence climate forecasts produced by participating in this activity. Here we introduce review used second round...
Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of State Climate for 2012 is a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy report available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take few minutes file to download.
Abstract. Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone are reported and compared for a number new recently revised data sets. The amount ozone-depleting compounds stratosphere (as measured by equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine – EESC) was maximised second half 1990s. We examine periods before after peak to see if any change trend is discernible record that might be attributable EESC trend, though no attribution attempted. Prior 1998, trends upper (~ 45 km, 4 hPa) found −5 −10 % per...
Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of State Climate for 2011 is a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy report available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take few minutes file to download. Supplemental figures and datasets are
Links between the stratospheric thermal structure and ozone distribution are explored in Goddard Earth Observing System chemistry‐climate model (CCM). Ozone temperature fields validated using estimates based on observations. An experimental strategy is used to explore sensitivities of CCM alongside underlying general circulation (GCM) with specified from either observations or a chemistry‐transport (CTM), which uses same chemical modules as CCM. In CTM, upper biased low compared...
Abstract. We describe the algorithm that has been applied to develop a 42 yr record of total ozone and profiles from eight Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) instruments launched on NASA NOAA satellites since April 1970. The Version 8 (V8) was released more than decade ago in use then at produce their operational products. current (V8.6) is basically same as V8, except for updates instrument calibration, incorporation new absorption cross-sections, cloud height climatologies. Since V8 optimized...
The internal variability and coupling between the stratosphere troposphere in CCMVal‐2 chemistry‐climate models are evaluated through analysis of annular mode patterns variability. Computation modes long data sets with secular trends requires refinement standard definition mode, a more robust procedure that allows for slowly varying is established verified. spatial temporal structure models’ then compared reanalyses. As whole, capture key features observed intraseasonal variability,...
Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of State Climate for 2013 is a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy report available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take few minutes file to download.
The cover shows a cropped image of the warming stripes (seen in full below), as developed by Ed Hawkins (Reading University, UK).Each vertical line global average temperature whole year, starting at 1850 on far left and ending with 2019 right.The underlying data are from HadCRUT4.6dataset UK Met Office Hadley Centre.To create other regions countries visit https://showyourstripes.
Caption: Lightning discharges appear in various colours depending on the scatter of light inside thundercloud and atmosphere.The intracloud lightning centre to be white with a bluish tint, cloud-to-ground discharge below appears orange.The right hand side exhibits green tint that is attributed unique composition hydrometeors thundercloud.The photo was taken late evening 10 September 2013, near Tarragona northeastern Spain.