A5032691168- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Climate change and permafrost
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Arctic and Russian Policy Studies
- Geological formations and processes
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Indigenous Studies and Ecology
- Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation
- Water Quality and Resources Studies
- Landslides and related hazards
- Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Petroleum Processing and Analysis
Yale University
2016-2025
Planetary Science Institute
2020-2025
Yale Cancer Center
2024
Whitney Museum of American Art
2012-2024
Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon
2022
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2018
University of New Haven
2014-2016
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2006-2009
University of Cambridge
2003
University of Victoria
2003
We investigate basin‐scale mechanisms regulating anomalies in freshwater content (FWC) the Beaufort Gyre (BG) of Arctic Ocean using historical observations and data collected 2003–2007. Specifically, mean annual cycle interannual decadal FWC variability are explored. The major cause large BG is process Ekman pumping (EP) due to High anticyclonic circulation centered BG. seasonal liquid a result interplay between mechanical thermal (ice transformations) factors has two peaks. One peak occurs...
Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess system's key functions processes: (1) delivery of fresh low‐salinity waters to by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during freeze/thaw cycle, Pacific inflows; (2) disposition (e.g., sources, pathways, storage) freshwater components within Ocean; (3) release export into bordering convective domains North Atlantic. then examine physical, chemical, or...
Abstract. Human-induced atmospheric composition changes cause a radiative imbalance at the top of atmosphere which is driving global warming. This Earth energy (EEI) most critical number defining prospects for continued warming and climate change. Understanding heat gain system – particularly how much where distributed fundamental to understanding this affects ocean, land; rising surface temperature; sea level; loss grounded floating ice, are concerns society. study Global Climate Observing...
Abstract The loss of Arctic sea ice has emerged as a leading signal global warming. This, together with acknowledged impacts on other components the Earth system, led to term “the new Arctic.” Global coupled climate models predict that will continue through twenty-first century, implications for governance, economics, security, and weather. A wide range in model projections reflects complex, highly interactions between polar atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, including teleconnections lower...
Author Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2011. This article is posted here by permission of Society for personal use, not redistribution. The definitive version was published in 24 no. 3 (2011): 126–135, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2011.64.
Abstract Time series of ice draft from 2003 to 2012 moored sonar data are used investigate variability and describe the reduction perennial sea cover in Beaufort Gyre (BG), culminating extreme minimum 2012. Negative trends median drafts most fractions observed, while open water thinnest (<0.3 m) have increased, attesting ablation or removal older BG over 9 year period. Monthly anomalies indicate a shift occurred toward thinner after 2007, which thicker evident at northern stations was...
Abstract Hydrographic data collected from research cruises, bottom‐anchored moorings, drifting Ice‐Tethered Profilers, and satellite altimetry in the Beaufort Gyre region of Arctic Ocean document an increase more than 6,400 km 3 liquid freshwater content 2003 to 2018: a 40% growth relative climatology 1970s. This fresh water accumulation is shown result persistent anticyclonic atmospheric wind forcing (1997–2018) accompanied by sea ice melt, wind‐forced redirection Mackenzie River discharge...
Between 1948 and 1996, mean annual environmental parameters in the Arctic experienced a well-pronounced decadal variability with two basic circulation patterns: cyclonic anticyclonic alternating at 5 to 7 year intervals. During regimes, low sea-level atmospheric pressure (SLP) dominated over Ocean driving sea ice upper ocean counterclockwise; atmosphere was relatively warm humid, freshwater flux from towards subarctic seas intensified. By contrast, during anticylonic high SLP clockwise....
Abstract. The Earth climate system is out of energy balance, and heat has accumulated continuously over the past decades, warming ocean, land, cryosphere, atmosphere. According to Sixth Assessment Report by Working Group I Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this planetary multiple decades human-driven results in unprecedented committed changes system, with adverse impacts for ecosystems human systems. inventory provides a measure imbalance (EEI) allows quantifying how much as well...
Variations in the Arctic central Canada Basin mixed layer properties are documented based on a subset of nearly 6500 temperature and salinity profiles acquired by Ice‐Tethered Profilers during period summer 2004 to 2009 analyzed conjunction with sea ice observations from mass balance buoys atmosphere‐ocean heat flux estimates. The July–August mean depth Profiler data averaged 16 m (an overestimate due sampling characteristics present analysis procedures), while average winter was only 24 m,...
Six Ice‐Tethered Profilers (ITP), deployed in the central Canada Basin of Arctic Ocean between 2004 and 2007, have provided detailed potential temperature salinity measurements a double‐diffusive staircase at about 200–300 m depth. Individual layers are order 1 vertical height but appear to extend horizontally for hundreds kilometers, with along‐layer gradients tightly related. On basis laboratory‐derived flux laws, estimated heat fluxes through range 0.05–0.3 W −2 , only one tenth mean...
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Pacific Water flows northward through Bering Strait and penetrates the Arctic Ocean halocline throughout Canadian Basin sector of Arctic.In summer, Summer (PSW) is modified by surface buoyancy fluxes mixing as it crosses shallow Chukchi Sea before entering deep ocean.Measurements from Ice-Tethered Profilers, moorings, hydrographic surveys between 2003 2013 reveal spatial temporal variability in PSW component Central Canada with increasing trends integrated heat freshwater content, a...
Reduced sea ice cover opens a conduit for solar-heated water to reach the interior Arctic Basin halocline.
Abstract Ice‐Tethered Profilers (ITP), deployed in the Arctic Ocean between 2004 and 2013, have provided detailed temperature salinity measurements of an assortment halocline eddies. A total 127 mesoscale eddies been detected, 95% which were anticyclones, majority had anomalously cold cores. These cold‐core anticyclonic observed Beaufort Gyre region (Canadian water eddies) vicinity Transpolar Drift Stream (Eurasian eddies). An Arctic‐wide calculation first baroclinic Rossby deformation...
[1] Data collected by an autonomous ice-based observatory that drifted into the Eurasian Basin between April and November 2010 indicate upper ocean was appreciably fresher than in 2007 2008. Sea ice snowmelt over course of drift amounted to input less 0.5 m liquid freshwater (comparable freshening melting estimated for those previous years), while observed change upper-ocean salinity melt period implies a gain about 0.7 m. Results wind-driven model corroborate observations suggest unusually...
Abstract Ice-tethered profiler (ITP) measurements from the Arctic Ocean’s Canada Basin indicate an ocean surface layer beneath sea ice with significant horizontal density structure on scales of hundreds kilometers to order 1 km submesoscale. The observed gradients in are dynamically important that they associated restratification when dense water flows under light water. Such is prevalent wintertime and competes convective mixing upon buoyancy forcing (e.g., growth brine rejection)...
Abstract The ice–ocean system is investigated on inertial to monthly time scales using winter 2009–10 observations from the first ice-tethered profiler (ITP) equipped with a velocity sensor (ITP-V). Fluctuations in surface winds, ice velocity, and ocean at 7-m depth were correlated. Observed was primarily directed right of spiraled clockwise while decaying through mixed layer. Inertial tidal motions underlying observed throughout record. Just below interface, direct estimates turbulent...
Abstract High‐resolution measurements of ocean temperature and salinity in the Arctic Ocean's Canada Basin reveal importance release solar‐derived stored heat on sea ice growth. Locally absorbed summer solar is a near‐surface maximum (NSTM) layer underlying mixed layer. The content NSTM was anomalously large following 2007, which saw considerable losses intense absorption into exposed surface ocean. Measurements provide evidence for entrainment fall/winter 2007–2008 by shear‐driven mixing,...
Abstract Accelerating since the early 1990s, Greenland Ice Sheet mass loss exerts a significant impact on thermohaline processes in sub‐Arctic seas. Surplus freshwater discharge from comparable volume to amount of present during Great Salinity Anomaly events, could spread and accumulate seas, influencing convective there. However, hydrographic observations Labrador Sea Nordic Seas, where freshening signal might be expected propagate, do not show persistent upper ocean last two decades. This...
Abstract The Beaufort Gyre is a key circulation system of the Arctic Ocean and its main reservoir freshwater. Freshwater storage release affects sea ice cover, as well North Atlantic global climate. We describe mechanism that fundamental to dynamics gyre, namely, ice‐ocean stress governor . Wind blows over ice, drags ocean. But gyre spins up, currents catch up turn off surface stress. This sets basic properties such depth, freshwater content, strength. Analytical numerical modeling employed...
Abstract We present observational estimates of Ekman pumping in the Beaufort Gyre region. Averaged over Canada Basin, results show a 2003–14 average 2.3 m yr −1 downward with strong seasonal and interannual variability superimposed: monthly yearly means range from 30 to 10 upward. A clear, cycle is evident intense downwelling autumn upwelling during winter months, despite wind forcing being favorable year-round. Wintertime associated friction between large-scale ocean circulation surface ice...