A5019775443- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Climate variability and models
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Precipitation Measurement and Analysis
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
- Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Wind and Air Flow Studies
- GNSS positioning and interference
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
- Urban Heat Island Mitigation
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
2014-2024
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
2022
Global Services (Slovakia)
2022
Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques
1998-2017
Météo-France
1998-2003
Direction de la Météorologie Nationale
1990
ERA-Interim is the latest global atmospheric reanalysis produced by European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The project was conducted in part to prepare a new replace ERA-40, which will extend back early of twentieth century. This article describes forecast model, data assimilation method, and input datasets used produce ERA-Interim, discusses performance system. Special emphasis placed on various difficulties encountered production including representation hydrological...
Abstract Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), ECMWF is producing ERA5 reanalysis which, once completed, will embody a detailed record of global atmosphere, land surface and ocean waves from 1950 onwards. This new replaces ERA‐Interim (spanning 1979 onwards) which was started in 2006. based on Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) Cy41r2 operational 2016. thus benefits decade developments model physics, core dynamics data assimilation. In addition to significantly enhanced...
Abstract. Framed within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) of European Commission, Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is producing an enhanced global dataset land component fifth generation ReAnalysis (ERA5), hereafter referred to as ERA5-Land. Once completed, period covered will span from 1950 present, with continuous updates support monitoring applications. ERA5-Land describes evolution water and energy cycles over in a consistent manner production period, which,...
Abstract An order of magnitude reduction in the cost four‐dimensional variational assimilation (4D‐Var) is required before operational implementation possible. Preconditioning considered and, although it offers a significant cost, seems that unlikely to provide as large an magnitude. approximation 4D‐Var, namely incremental approach, then and shown produce same result at end window extended Kalman filter which no approximations are made assimilating model but instead simplified evolution...
Abstract The ECMWF twentieth century reanalysis (ERA-20C; 1900–2010) assimilates surface pressure and marine wind observations. is single-member, the background errors are spatiotemporally varying, derived from an ensemble. atmospheric general circulation model uses same configuration as control member of ERA-20CM ensemble, forced by observationally based analyses sea temperature, ice cover, composition changes, solar forcing. resulting climate trend estimations resemble for temperature...
Abstract. An eight-year long reanalysis of atmospheric composition data covering the period 2003–2010 was constructed as part FP7-funded Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project by assimilating satellite into a global model assimilation system. This provides fields chemically reactive gases, namely carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, well aerosols greenhouse gases globally at horizontal resolution about 80 km for both troposphere stratosphere. paper describes...
Abstract The extension of the ERA5 reanalysis back to 1950 supplements previously published segment covering 1979 present. It features assimilation additional conventional observations, as well improved use early satellite data. number observations assimilated increases from 53,000 per day in 570,000 by end 1978. Accordingly, quality improves throughout period, generally joining seamlessly with fidelity is illustrated accurate depiction North Sea storm 1953, and events leading first...
This article reviews past and current reanalysis activities at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) describes plans developing future reanalyses of coupled climate system. Global atmosphere, ocean, land surface, atmospheric composition have played an important role in improving extending capabilities ECMWF's operational forecasting systems. The potential support change services Europe is driving several interesting new developments. These include production that...
The ERA‐Interim and JRA‐55 reanalyses of synoptic data several conventional analyses monthly climatological provide similar estimates global‐mean surface warming since 1979. They broadly agree on the character interannual variability extremity 2015/2016 warm spell to which a strong El Niño low Arctic sea‐ice cover contribute. Nevertheless global regional averages differ various time‐scales due differences in coverage sea‐surface temperature analyses; from those datasets that infill where...
Abstract The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), part of the European Union’s Earth observation program Copernicus, entered operations in July 2015. Implemented by Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as a truly effort with over 23,500 direct data users and well 200 million end worldwide March 2022, CAMS delivers numerous global regional information products about air quality, inventory-based emissions observation-based surface fluxes greenhouse gases from biomass...
Abstract We provide a description and concise evaluation of the European Centre Medium‐range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v.5 (ERA5) global reanalysis from an additional extension back to 1940 that was released in March 2023, including its timely updates end 2022. The ERA5 product 1979 2020 preliminary 1950 1978 have already been described elsewhere. new spans represents official release supersedes product. Currently, data record extends over more than 83 years hourly three‐dimensional...
Abstract A one‐dimensional bending‐angle observation operator for assimilating GPS radio occultation (RO) measurements has been integrated into the ECMWF four‐dimensional variational assimilation (4D‐Var) system. We have performed forecast impact experiments with 60 days of CHAMP RO measurements, in addition to latest set conventional and satellite data that are assimilated operationally, including radiances from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder. It is demonstrated provide extremely good...
Abstract The development of an assimilation system for radiance data from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is described, in particular identification cloud contamination, bias correction and characterization errors measured radiances radiative‐transfer model. results experiments are presented. These show that a conservative use AIRS (in already extensively observed with other satellite data) small, but consistent, improvement quality analyses forecasts. Larger impacts found...
Abstract An improved version of the RTTOV (Radiative Transfer for Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder) fast radiative transfer model used operationally at European Centre Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) assimilation Advanced TIROS Sounder (ATOVS) radiances has been developed. This new computes Atmospheric and reproduces line‐by‐line Jacobians surface‐sensing, water vapour ozone channels ATOVS with significantly accuracy. The profile‐dependent...
Abstract The direct use of TOVS (TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) cloud‐cleared radiances in a three/four‐dimensional variational data assimilation scheme is described. This uses fast radiative transfer model and its adjoint. Radiances are used together with all the other observational data. Global spectral fields mass, wind humidity analysed simultaneously under certain mass/wind balance constraints which control degree to gravity waves enter into analysis. In this way need for...
Editors note: For easy download the posted pdf of State Climate for 2011 is a very low-resolution file. A high-resolution copy report available by clicking here. Please be patient as it may take few minutes file to download. Supplemental figures and datasets are
Abstract. Framed within the Copernicus Climate Change Service of European Commission, Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is producing an enhanced global dataset land component 5th generation ReAnalysis (ERA5), hereafter named as ERA5-Land. Once completed, period covered will span from 1950 to present, with continuous updates support monitoring applications. ERA5-Land describes evolution water and energy cycles over in a consistent manner production period, enabling...
This paper provides an overview of the European Union's Earth Observation Programme, Copernicus, dedicated at monitoring planet and its environment for benefit all citizens. The Programme offers information services based on satellite Observation, in situ (non-space), modelling data. focuses one six Copernicus Services, Climate Change Service, which comprehensive climate covering a wide range components Earth-system (atmosphere, land, ocean, sea-ice carbon), maximising use past, current...
Abstract The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) provides open and free access to state-of-the-art climate data tools for use by governments, public authorities, private entities around the world. It is fully funded European Union implemented Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) together with in Europe elsewhere. With over 120,000 registered users worldwide, C3S has rapidly become an authoritative service beyond, delivering quality-assured information based on latest science....
Abstract Results of four‐dimensional variational assimilations, 4D‐Var, in cycling mode, over a few two‐week assimilation periods are presented. 4D‐Var is implemented its incremental formulation, with high‐resolution model the full physical parametrization package to compare atmospheric states observations, and low‐resolution simplified physics minimize cost‐function. The comparison using several windows (6, 12 24 hours) 3D‐Var (the equivalent no time‐dimension) period shows clear benefit...
Several new types of satellite instrument will provide improved measurements Earth's hydrological cycle and the humidity atmosphere. In an effort to make best possible use these data, modeling assimilation humidity, clouds, precipitation are currently subjects a comprehensive research program at European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Impacts on weather prediction climate reanalysis can be expected. The preparations cloud rain within ECMWF's four-dimensional variational...
In this paper, a weak constraint formulation of the digital filter based on Dolph–Chebyshev window is introduced in preoperational version 4DVAR analysis Météo-France. The imposed only increments to damp spurious fast oscillations associated with gravity–inertia waves. incremental 4DVAR, are obtained from global model at uniform low resolution simplified set physical parameterizations, while high-resolution forecast that uses variable-resolution grid having higher over France and complete...
Abstract In this third and final paper of a series, we assess the performance three‐dimensional variational data assimilation scheme, in light results from extensive pre‐operational programme numerical experimentation. Its is compared with that previous operational scheme at European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, which was based on Optimal Interpolation. The main features new are illustrated, particular effects non‐separable structure functions improved usage. TIROS‐N...
Abstract The global analysis and forecast impact of observed humidity has been assessed by means observing system experiments with the ECMWF 4D‐Var data assimilation system. It is found that have a significant extending into medium range (5–6 day forecasts), marked also on wind temperature fields. This contradicts some previous studies shown insignificant observations in general. current, greater benefit may be due to improved model methods, vastly increased availability atmospheric moisture...