A5021856838- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Astro and Planetary Science
- Climate variability and models
- Planetary Science and Exploration
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Photocathodes and Microchannel Plates
- Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
- Space Exploration and Technology
- Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Nerve injury and regeneration
- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
University of Leeds
2018-2025
NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research
2016-2025
Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory
2021-2025
National Centre for Atmospheric Science
2023
Space Solutions (South Korea)
2023
High Altitude Observatory
2000-2022
University of Debrecen
2022
Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling
2020
University of California, Berkeley
1976-2018
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
1976-2018
The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a flexible and extensible community tool used to investigate diverse set of system interactions across multiple time space scales. This global coupled model significantly extends its predecessor, the Climate Model, by incorporating new simulation capabilities. These comprise ability simulate biogeochemical cycles, including those carbon nitrogen, variety atmospheric chemistry options, Greenland Ice Sheet, an atmosphere that lower thermosphere. other...
Abstract The NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM) now includes an atmospheric component that extends in altitude to the lower thermosphere. This model, known as Whole Atmosphere Climate (WACCM), fully interactive chemistry, allowing, for example, a self-consistent representation of development and recovery stratospheric ozone hole its effect on troposphere. paper focuses analysis ensemble transient simulations using CESM1(WACCM), covering period from preindustrial era present day,...
We have used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to produce a small (three‐member) ensemble of simulations period 1950–2003. Comparison model results against available observations shows that for most part, is able reproduce well observed trends in zonal mean temperature and ozone, both as regards their magnitude distribution latitude altitude. Calculated water vapor, on other hand, are not at all consistent with from either HALOE satellite instrument or Boulder, Colorado,...
Abstract The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6) is a major update of the whole atmosphere modeling capability in Earth System (CESM), featuring enhanced physical, chemical and aerosol parameterizations. This work describes WACCM6 some important features model. can reproduce many modes variability trends middle atmosphere, including quasi‐biennial oscillation, stratospheric sudden warmings, evolution Southern Hemisphere springtime ozone depletion over twentieth...
The Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 3 (MOZART‐3), which represents the chemical physical processes from troposphere through lower mesosphere, was used to evaluate representation of long‐lived tracers ozone using three different meteorological fields. fields are based on (1) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, 1b (WACCM1b), (2) European Centre Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis, (3) a new reanalysis year 2000 ECMWF called EXP471....
Abstract The Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) includes a detailed representation of chemistry throughout the atmosphere in Atmosphere with and Whole Climate configurations. These model configurations use for Ozone Related chemical Tracers (MOZART) family mechanisms, covering troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, lower thermosphere. new MOZART tropospheric scheme (T1) has number updates over previous (MOZART‐4) CESM, including improvements to oxidation isoprene terpenes,...
Simulations of the stratosphere from thirteen coupled chemistry‐climate models (CCMs) are evaluated to provide guidance for interpretation ozone predictions made by same CCMs. The focus evaluation is on how well fields and processes that important determining distribution represented in simulations recent past. core period 1980 1999 but long‐term trends compared an extended (1960–2004). Comparisons polar high‐latitude temperatures show most CCMs have only small biases Northern Hemisphere...
Abstract. This paper describes the recommended solar forcing dataset for CMIP6 and highlights changes with respect to CMIP5. The is provided radiative properties, namely total irradiance (TSI), spectral (SSI), F10.7 index as well particle forcing, including geomagnetic indices Ap Kp, ionization rates account effects of protons, electrons, galactic cosmic rays. first time that a recommendation solar-driven has been CMIP exercise. datasets are at daily monthly resolution separately...
Simulations from eleven coupled chemistry‐climate models (CCMs) employing nearly identical forcings have been used to project the evolution of stratospheric ozone throughout 21st century. The model‐to‐model agreement in projected temperature trends is good, and all CCMs predict continued, global mean cooling stratosphere over next 5 decades, increasing around 0.25 K/decade at 50 hPa 1 under Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B...
Abstract Key developments have been made to the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X). Among them, most important are self‐consistent solution of global electrodynamics, transport O + in F‐region. Other include time‐dependent electron/ion temperatures, metastable chemistry, high‐cadence solar EUV capability. Additional thermospheric components improvements momentum energy equation solvers account for variable mean molecular mass...
Abstract Ozone changes and associated climate impacts in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations are analyzed over historical (1960–2005) future (2006–2100) period under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). In contrast to CMIP3, where half of models prescribed constant stratospheric ozone, CMIP5 all consider past ozone depletion recovery. Multimodel mean climatologies long‐term total tropospheric column calculated from with either interactive or...
Abstract Accurate representation of global stratospheric aerosols from volcanic and nonvolcanic sulfur emissions is key to understanding the cooling effects ozone losses that may be linked activity. Attribution climate variability activity particular interest in relation post‐2000 slowing rate average temperature increases. We have compiled a database SO 2 plume altitudes for eruptions 1990 2014 developed new prognostic capability simulating sulfate Community Earth System Model. used these...
[1] The hydrological impact of enhancing Earth's albedo by solar radiation management is investigated using simulations from 12 Earth System models contributing to the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). We contrast an idealized experiment, G1, where global mean radiative forcing kept at preindustrial conditions reducing insolation while CO2 concentration quadrupled a 4×CO2 experiment. reduction evapotranspiration over land with instantaneously increasing concentrations in...
Analyses of a whole atmosphere chemistry‐climate model simulation forced by historical sea‐surface temperature variations show that tropospheric El Nino – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are linked to coherent zonal mean and ozone in the tropical lower stratosphere, tied fluctuations upwelling. ENSO stratosphere out phase with variations, stratospheric temperatures phase. These results motivated revisiting observational data sets for both ozone, reveal signals very similar results. The...
Abstract. The Community Earth System Model (CESM1) CAM4-chem has been used to perform the Chemistry Climate Initiative (CCMI) reference and sensitivity simulations. In this model, Atmospheric version 4 (CAM4) is fully coupled tropospheric stratospheric chemistry. Details specifics of each configuration, including new developments improvements are described. CESM1 a low-top model that reaches up approximately 40 km uses horizontal resolution 1.9° latitude 2.5° longitude. For specified...
Abstract Solar driven energetic particle precipitation (EPP) is an important factor in polar atmospheric ozone balance and has been linked to ground-level regional climate variability. However, the linking mechanism remained ambiguous. The observed simulated changes start well before processes from main candidate, so-called EPP-indirect effect, would start. Here we show that initial reduction of mesospheric resulting change heating rapidly couples dynamics, transferring signal downwards,...
The early inflammatory response to spinal cord injury (SCI) causes significant secondary damage. Strategies that nonselectively suppress inflammation have not improved outcomes after SCI, perhaps because has both adverse and beneficial effects SCI. We shown the selective, time-limited action of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) CD11d subunit CD11d/CD18 integrin, delivered intravenously during first 48 hr SCI in rats, markedly decreases infiltration neutrophils delays entry hematogenous...
Abstract This paper introduces the three-dimensional Hamburg Model of Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), which treats atmospheric dynamics, radiation, chemistry interactively for height range from earth’s surface to thermosphere (approximately 250 km). It is based on latest version ECHAM general circulation model Max Planck Institute Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, extended include important radiative dynamical processes upper atmosphere coupled a module containing 48 compounds. The...
The NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 3 (WACCM3), is used to study the atmospheric response from surface lower thermosphere changes in solar and geomagnetic forcing over 11‐year cycle. WACCM3 a general circulation model that incorporates interactive chemistry solves for both neutral ion species. Energy inputs include radiation energetic particles, which vary significantly This paper presents comparison of simulations cycle maximum minimum conditions. Changes composition...
Glycolytic flux, as well glucose, fatty acid, and lactate oxidation, was determined in isolated working hearts obtained from 1- 7-day-old rabbits. One-day-old rabbit were perfused via the inferior cava against a constant aortic pulmonary arterial afterload, whereas rabbits left atria afterload. Hearts with buffer containing 100 microU/ml insulin either 1) 11 mM [U-14C/2-3H]glucose, 0.4 palmitate, 2 lactate; 2) [1-14C]palmitate, or 3) [U-14C]lactate. rates (measured 3H2O production) high...
Micrometeorites that ablate in the lower thermosphere and upper mesosphere are thought to recondense into nanometer‐sized smoke particles then coagulate larger dust particles. Previous studies with one‐dimensional models have determined meteoric size distribution is sensitive background vertical velocity speculated on importance of mesospheric meridional circulation spatial distribution. We conduct first three‐dimensional simulations using a general model sectional microphysics study...
In atmospheric and space environment studies it is key to understand quantify the coupling of regions solar impacts on whole atmosphere system. There thus a need for numerical model that encompasses can self‐consistently simulate dynamic, physical, chemical, radiative, electrodynamic processes are important Sun‐Earth This goal developing National Center Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). this work, we report development preliminary validation...
Abstract The Brewer–Dobson circulation strengthens in the lowermost tropical stratosphere during warm El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Dynamical analyses using most recent version of Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model show that this is due mainly to anomalous forcing by orographic gravity waves, which maximizes Northern Hemisphere subtropics between 18 and 22 km, especially strongest ENSO episodes. Anomalies meridional gradient temperature upper troposphere lower (UTLS) are...
One of the atmospheric constituents that can be retrieved from observations by Sounding Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite is atomic oxygen in upper mesosphere. Atomic determined during both day night two different techniques rely ozone chemistry. The O concentrations SABER data are higher a factor 2–5 compared to other measurements compiled current empirical models. This paper...